摘要
安息香药用历史悠久,为规范其临床用药,笔者查阅古代本草、医书典籍和近现代文献资料,对安息香药材的名称、基原、学名演变、产地、性状、品质评价、采收加工和炮制等进行了系统考证。考证结果表明古代本草所载安息香的主流来源为安息香科白花树Styrax tonkinensis的干燥树脂,此外,安息香树S.benzoin也多有应用。近代以安息香树S.benzoin为主流,但在实际使用时多为安息香属多种植物的树脂,随后记载中又出现了白花树S.tonkinensis和滇南安息香S.benzoides,并将其也作为安息香药材的主要来源,现代则以白花树S.tonkinensis的干燥树脂为主;古代著录的安息香药材产地为波斯、西戎、安南等,现代则主要分布于印度尼西亚、苏门答腊、泰国、越南,以及我国福建、贵州、云南、广西、广东等地,我国商品药材多系进口;传统总结性状评价以油性大、具蜡样光泽、质脆易碎、香气浓、嚼之有砂粒感、无杂质者为佳;古时文献记载的安息香采收时间集中在7—8月份,近现代则在夏、秋两季采收,采集方式多样,通常选取树龄10年以上的进行采割,以4—6月份割脂为好,最先采集的、乳白色的树脂质量最佳;历代炮制主要以研磨后粉末入药,另有酒蒸成膏、蜜制等记载,1953年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)新增安息香羊脂和安息香?脂,现多以粉末入丸、散剂或酒制。基于考证结果,认为安息香树S.benzoin的干燥树脂虽不是2020年版《中国药典》收载的安息香药用品种,但其应用历史悠久,具有一定临床价值,建议可深入探究其药用可行性。在开发含有安息香的古代经典名方时,建议可采用白花树S.tonkinensis或安息香树S.benzoin的干燥树脂,阴干后粉末入药或根据处方炮制要求处理。
Benzoinum has a long history of medicinal use.In order to standardize its clinical use,the author made systematic textual research on the name,origin,evolution of scientific name,producing area,property,quality evaluation,harvesting and processing of Benzoinum by reviewing the ancient materia medica,medical books and modern literature.According to the research,the mainstream variety of Benzoinum recorded in ancient materia medica should be the dry resin of Styrax tonkinensis of Styracaceae.In addition to S.benzoin,which was also used in many applications.In modern times,S.benzoin was the mainstream,but in practice,it was mostly the resin of various plants of the genus Styrax,and then S.tonkinensis and S.benzoides were recorded as the main sources of Benzoinum.Nowadays,it mainly comes from S.tonkinensis.In ancient times,the producing areas of Benzoinum were Persia,Xirong,Annan and other places,whereas now are distributed in Indonesia,Sumatra,Thailand,Vietnam,and Fujian,Guizhou,Yunnan,Guangxi,Guangdong and other places in China,but most of the medicinal materials in China are imported.Traditionally,the medicinal materials of Benzoinum with properties of oily,waxy luster,brittle and fragile,strong aroma,sand feeling when chewing and no impurities are considered better.In antiquity,the harvesting time of Benzoinum was concentrated in July and August,while in modern times,it is harvested in summer and autumn,and collected in various ways,usually the trees are selected to be harvested if they are more than 10 years old,and the best quality being the first,milky resin collected when the time of cutting the trees is from April to June.In the past dynasties,the powdered resin was mainly ground and used in formulas,in addition,there were also records of wine steaming into paste and processing with honey,etc.The 1953 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia added records such as sevum benzoinatum and adeps benzoinatus,and now it is mostly used as powder into pills or powers,or used after processing with wine.Based on the results of
作者
孙园园
冯剑
吴明松
刘洋洋
SUN Yuanyuan;FENG Jian;WU Mingsong;LIU Yangyang(Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine,Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Haikou 570311,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期14-24,共11页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-1-I2M-032)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。
关键词
安息香
本草考证
经典名方
基原
学名沿革
树脂
品质评价
Benzoinum
herbal textual research
famous classical formulas
origin
evolution of scientific name
resin
quality evaluation
