摘要
早在20世纪初期,美国就开启了人力资源服务规范化、专业化、市场化的探索,并逐步形成适应其市场经济制度的稳定发展模式。美国人力资源市场的法律框架源于普通法体系,其源头起于劳工权益保护。对于私营职业介绍服务的规制,主要体现在通过州立法建立派遣许可或者专项登记制度,同时通过“共同雇主”概念,解决三方关系中劳务派遣企业与用工单位的法律责任分配权限。美国没有专门的人力资源市场监管机构,也没有人力资源服务业的准入限制,但人力资源市场监管体系完备,体现多主体、多层次的分类监管特点。其人力资源服务传统服务业态主要包括临时就业安置、派遣服务、高管人员搜寻等。从新兴服务业态看,高管人员搜寻、在线招聘、外包服务和咨询服务等逐渐成为新的服务领域,特别是猎头服务、就业数据业务、咨询业务的持续增长,反映了全球新兴市场对专业化人力资源服务的需求趋势。
As early as the early 20th century,the United States began to explore the standardization,specialization,and marketization of human resource services,and gradually formed a stable development mode that adapted to its market economic system.The legal framework of the United States human resources market originates from the common law system,which originates from the protection of labor rights.The regulation of private employment introduction service is mainly refl ected in the establishment of dispatch license or special registration system through state legislation,and the settlement of legal responsibility distribution authority between labor dispatch enterprises and employers in the tripartite relationship through the concept of“joint employer”.The United States does not have a special human resource market regulator,nor does it have access restrictions on the human resource service industry.However,the human resource market regulation system is complete,refl ecting the characteristics of multi-subject and multi-level classifi ed regulation.The traditional service formats of its human resource service mainly include temporary employment placement,dispatch service,senior management personnel search and the like.From the perspective of emerging service formats,senior management personnel search,online recruitment,outsourcing service and consulting service have gradually become new service areas.Especially,the continuous growth of headhunting service,employment data service and consulting service reflect the demand trend of global emerging markets for specialized human resource services.
出处
《中国人事科学》
2023年第2期72-81,共10页
Chinese Personnel Science
关键词
美国人力资源市场
公共就业服务
人力资源服务业
united states human resource market
public employment service
human resource service industry
