摘要
试验场重金属污染是广受关注的环境问题之一.选取吉林某试验场的静爆试验区、落弹区和生活保障区作为研究对象,检测了112个表层土壤样品及两个土壤剖面中的重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn)含量,分析了重金属分布特征并对其进行了源解析,采用多个污染指数评价法对重金属的污染程度及潜在生态风险进行了研究.结果表明,静爆试验区土壤中As、Cd、Cu、Ni和Zn含量的平均值高于吉林省背景值,且Cu、Zn、As和Cd含量表现出较强的空间异质性;落弹区土壤中As、Cd和Ni含量的平均值超出背景值;生活保障区土壤中As和Cd含量的平均值高于背景值,并且Pb、Cd、Zn和Cr变异系数较强,表明其可能受到人类活动的影响.在不同的试验区,土壤中As、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn含量具有显著差异(P<0.05),静爆试验区较落弹区受到试验活动影响更为强烈,土壤剖面表层重金属含量明显偏高,土壤剖面中重金属未发生明显垂向迁移.多元统计和APCS-MLR源解析分析表明,Zn、Pb和Cd主要受到试验活动相关的污染源影响,Cr和Ni主要受成土母质自然源影响,As和Cu来源较为复杂.地累积指数表明,3个区域的Cd和落弹区的Ni均属于1级(无-中度污染),内梅罗综合污染指数显示不同功能区之间的污染水平表现为:生活保障区>静爆试验区>落弹区,3个功能区土壤为轻度污染,潜在生态风险指数显示研究区均处于中度生态风险水平,Cd为主要的土壤污染因子.
Heavy metal pollution in testing ranges is one of the most widely concerning environmental problems.The ammunition static detonation test area,the bomb falling area,and the living area of a testing range in Jilin were selected as the study objects.The contents of heavy metals(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,and Zn)in 112 topsoil samples and two soil profiles were analyzed,and their distribution characteristics and sources were analyzed in detail.After that,the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of heavy metals were investigated using multiple pollution index assessment methods.The results showed that the average contents of As,Cd,Cu,Ni,and Zn in the soil of the ammunition static detonation test area were higher than the soil background values in Jilin province,and the contents of Cu,Zn,As,and Cd showed strong spatial heterogeneity.The average concentrations of As,Cd,and Ni in the soil of the bomb falling area exceeded their background values.The average contents of As and Cd in the soil of the living area were higher than the background values,and the variation coefficients of Pb,Cd,Zn,and Cr were relatively high,indicating that they may have been affected by human activities.In different test areas,the contents of As,Cr,Cu,Ni,and Zn in the soil samples were significantly different(P<0.05).The ammunition static detonation test area was more strongly affected by the test activities than the bomb falling area,and the heavy metal contents in the surface layer of the soil profile were significantly higher.There was no obvious vertical migration of heavy metals in the soil profiles.The results of multivariate statistics and source identification analysis using absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)showed that Zn,Pb,and Cd were mainly affected by pollution sources related to test activities;Cr and Ni were mainly affected by natural sources of soil forming materials;and the sources of As and Cu were more complicated.The geo-accumulation index showed that Cd in the three areas and Ni in the
作者
王诗雨
李淳
赵洪伟
陈希
张慧君
朱勇兵
赵三平
计超
刘晓东
WANG Shi-yu;LI Chun;ZHAO Hong-wei;CHEN Xi;ZHANG Hui-jun;ZHU Yong-bing;ZHAO San-ping;JI Chao;LIU Xiao-dong(Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change,School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;63968 Unit of PLA,Baicheng 137001,China;State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期1657-1667,共11页
Environmental Science
基金
中国科学院科技创新重点部署项目(KGFZD-135-19-09)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801100)。
关键词
试验场
重金属
污染特征
源解析
污染评价
testing range
heavy metals
pollution characteristics
source analysis
pollution assessment
