摘要
本研究旨在探讨裸地栽培下棉花最优打顶方式,以提高生产效率与经济效益。试验以新陆中82为材料,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,研究了化学打顶(3种配方,分别记为C1、C2、C3)、人工打顶(A)和不打顶(N)处理对棉花株型及干物质积累、分配和产量的影响。结果表明:打顶处理能降低棉花株高和单株果枝数,显著提高单株铃数、单铃重和产量,但对茎粗影响较小。打顶后35 d,株高和单株果枝数表现为C3>C2>C1>A,均显著低于N处理;单株铃数、单铃重、产量则表现为C1与A处理相当,均高于C2和C3处理。不同打顶方式下棉花生殖器官与营养器官的干物质积累均较好地符合Logistic曲线,R^(2)值分别达0.97和0.82;生殖器官的最大干物质积累量为48.76~73.33 g/株,最大干物质积累量和干物质快速积累持续时间均表现为A>C1>C2>C3>N;营养器官的最大干物质积累量为44.04~51.33 g/株,打顶处理的最大干物质积累量和干物质快速积累持续时间均低于不打顶处理。化学打顶处理中,C1处理的单株果枝数、最大干物质积累量和干物质快速积累持续时间与A处理差异较小,单株铃数、单铃重、产量与A处理无显著差异。综合上述分析,裸地栽培下化学打顶可以代替人工打顶,适时适量喷施打顶剂能有效调控棉花株型,提高产量,其中C1处理(25%氟节胺)效果最好。本研究结果可为南疆裸地栽培模式下棉花化学调控提供理论依据。
This experiment was aimed to select the optimal topping method for cotton under bare ground cultivation in order to increase production efficiency and economic benefit.With the variety Xinluzhong 82 as test material,the one-way completely randomized group design was adopted to study the effects of different topping methods on plant type,dry matter formation and distribution and yield of cotton.The treatments were set as chemical topping(three formulations,written as C1,C2 and C3),manual topping(A)and no topping(N).The results showed that topping could decrease the plant height and fruiting branch number per plant,significantly increase the boll number per plant,single boll weight and yield,but had little effect on stem diameter.On the 35th day after topping,the plant height and fruiting branch number per plant showed C3>C2>C1>A,and they were all significantly lower compared with N treatment;the boll number per plant,single boll weight and yield under C1 treatment were equivalent to those of A treatment,and higher than those of C2 and C3 treatments.The dry matter accumulation of cotton reproductive and vegetative organs fit the Logistic curve well under different topping methods with the R^(2) value reaching 0.97 and 0.82.The maximum dry matter accumulation amount of reproductive organ was in the range of 48.76~73.33 g per plant,and it and the duration of rapid accumulation showed as A>C1>C2>C3>N.The maximum dry matter accumulation amount of vegetative organs was 44.04~51.33 g per plant,and it and the duration of rapid accumulation under topping treatments were lower compared to N treatment.In the chemical topping treatments,C1 treatment had fewer differences with A treatment in fruiting branch number per plant,the maximum dry matter accumulation amount and the duration of rapid accumulation,and also in boll number per plant,single boll weight and yield.In conclusion,chemical topping could replace manual topping.Timely and appropriately spraying topping agent could effectively control cotton plant type and increas
作者
田玉刚
赵书珍
林皎
胡守林
陈国栋
李浩
王博然
郎禹超
李鹏程
万素梅
Tian Yugang;Zhao Shuzhen;Lin Jiao;Hu Shoulin;Chen Guodong;Li Hao;Wang Boran;Lang Yuchao;Li Pengcheng;Wan Sumei(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China;Cotton Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2023年第2期44-50,共7页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“棉花轻简高效栽培技术集成与示范”(2020YFD1001000)
国家自然科学基金项目(32060449)
塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKJS202001,TDZKBS202201)。
关键词
棉花
化学打顶
裸地栽培
干物质积累与分配
产量
Cotton
Chemical topping
Bare ground cultivation
Dry matter accumulation and distribution
Yield
