摘要
宇宙空间复杂热环境给空间热离子反应堆正常启动带来巨大挑战,液态金属工质的冷冻将严重影响堆芯的正常启动,而复杂的解冻装置又缺乏足够的可靠性。本文针对空间热离子核电源系统,采用空间热离子核电源系统分析程序TASTIN建立系统模型,添加了地球红外热流模型、地球反照热流模型及遮热罩热平衡计算模型,模拟分析了含/不含遮热罩下空间热离子核电源采用主动加热方式的防冻策略。结果表明,在650 W加热功率的情况下,含/不含遮热罩核电源系统冷却剂最低温度持续维持在302.0 K/278.6 K,具有较高的安全裕度,可以保证系统的正常运行。
The space nuclear thermionic reactor is one of the designs of space nuclear reactor which has been successfully launched into orbit.Although it is of high technical maturity,the complex thermal environment in space is of great challenge to the normal start-up of space nuclear thermionic reactors.When the liquid metal in thermionic reactors is freezing,it will seriously affect the heat discharge in the reactor core,which may lead to severe core disassembly.In this paper,to prevent coolant condensation,an insulation strategy for thermionic reactors in near-earth orbit was designed.It consists of a heat shield and an electric heater.The models of the thermal environment were developed including the earth’s infrared heat flux,the earth’s reflect heat flux and the solar heat flux.Besides,the heat shield model was developed by its heat equilibrium.The space nuclear thermionic reactor system code TASTIN was used to model the system.TASTIN was a modular modeling analysis code for transient thermionic systems.It contains models of pumps,radiators,and thermionic fuel elements.By dividing the control volume of each part,conservation equations about state variables were established.They were solved by Gear or Adams method.Thus,the strategies with or without the heat shield were simulated and analyzed.The strategies containing a heater were fully discussed.The results show that under the influence of the heat flux on orbit,the freezing of the system coolant occurs after 2.84 h without a heat shield and electric heater,and additional anti-freezing strategies need to be added.After the 650 W electric heater is introduced without a heat shield,the temperature oscillation of the system coolant is stable at 278.6 K,which can ensure that the coolant will not freeze for a long time.The freezing time of coolant in the system with a heat shield occurs for more than twice as long as that under uncovered working conditions.By adding a 650 W heater,the minimum temperature of the coolant is close to 302.0 K,which prevents the freezing
作者
金钊
王成龙
代智文
苏光辉
田文喜
秋穗正
包轶颖
JIN Zhao;WANG Chenglong;DAI Zhiwen;SU Guanghui;TIAN Wenxi;QIU Suizheng;BAO Yiying(School of Nuclear Science and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Systems Engineering,Shanghai 201108,China)
出处
《原子能科学技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期527-536,共10页
Atomic Energy Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(12075182)
上海航天科技创新基金。
关键词
空间热离子核电源
在轨防冻
热工安全分析
space nuclear thermionic reactor
anti-freezing on orbit
thermal safety analysis
