摘要
森林茶园是指以产出生态茶叶为目标,按传统方式管理,符合绿色、有机种植标准,面积在0.5 hm^(2)以上,伴生有高于5 m以上至少1种形成林冠的其他野生或栽培的木本植物,覆盖度在10%以上的栽培山茶科山茶属茶组植物群落,相对于台地茶园是一种新型茶园。为了解森林茶园群落结构多样性,对贵州三都县森林茶园进行调查。研究选取10个20 m×20 m的茶园样地,记录样地的海拔、坡度和群落状况等环境因子,分析森林茶园生态系统的物种组成、水平结构和垂直结构。结果表明,三都县森林茶园群落共有植物136种,隶属65科108属,植物多样性丰富,植物分布区亚热带性地理成分明显。群落垂直空间分层明显,乔木层平均胸径为10.43 cm,毛桐单株胸径最大,为60.19 cm;灌木层平均地径为1.70 cm,黑壳楠单株地径最大,为4.80 cm;茶树为群落的优势种,每个样地平均约有43株;乔木层主要优势树种为枫香树、青冈、朴树等,灌木层优势树种为方竹、水竹、川莓、柃木等。了解森林茶园群落结构与组成,维持森林茶园群落生态系统稳定性,对森林茶园可持续利用具有重要的指导意义。
Forest tea garden refers to the cultivated Camellia Sect.Thea plant community with an area of more than0.5 hm2and accompanied by at least one other wild or cultivated woody plant taller than five meters forming a forest canopy with a coverage of more than 10%.It aims to produce ecological tea and is a new type of tea garden compared with terrace tea garden.In order to understand the diversity of forest tea garden community structure,a survey was conducted on forest tea gardens in Sandu County,Guizhou.Ten sample plots of 20 m×20 m of the forest tea garden were selected.Environmental factors such as altitude,slope and community status of the plots were recorded,and the species composition,horizontal structure and vertical structure of forest tea garden ecosystem were analyzed.The results show that there were 136 plant species belonging to 108 genera and 65 families in the forest tea garden community in Sandu County.The vegetation diversity was rich and the subtropical geographical composition of the plant distribution area was obvious.The community was stratified in vertical space,and the average DBH of tree layers was 10.43 cm.Vernicia fordii had the largest DBH(60.19 cm).The average ground diameter of the shrub layer was 1.70 cm,and the maximum ground diameter was 4.80 cm.Tea trees were the dominant species,with an average of 43 trees in each plot.The main dominant tree species in the tree layer were Liquidambar formosana,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,and Celtis sinensis,etc.,while the dominant species in the shrub layer were Chimonobambusa quadrangularis,Phyllostachys heteroclada,Rubus setchuenensis,Eurya japonica,etc.Understanding the community structure and composition of forest tea gardens and maintaining the stability of forest tea garden community ecosystems have important guiding significance for the sustainable use of forest tea gardens.
作者
吴欢
龙晓凤
牛素贞
胡国雄
耿彦飞
WU Huan;LONG Xiaofeng;NIU Suzhen;HU Guoxiong;GENG Yanfei(College of Tea Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《中国茶叶》
2023年第3期37-44,共8页
China Tea
基金
国家自然科学基金(31900275,32260099)
贵州省科学技术基金(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般091)。
关键词
三都
森林茶园
群落结构
生态系统
Sandu
forest tea garden
community structure
ecosystem
