摘要
电解水制氢技术的发展对于加快实现全球碳中和目标具有重要意义。然而,碱性介质中缓慢的析氢/析氧反应动力学过程目前是阻碍该技术发展的瓶颈问题。基于此,本文首先综述了碱性环境下析氢反应与析氧反应不同的动力学理论机制,总结了针对改善动力学反应过程的理论设计策略。随后,介绍了目前电解水催化剂的设计理念及方向。对新兴的“绿氢”技术而言,探索在高电流密度下高性能电催化剂对这项技术在工业化应用推广中起着核心作用。同时,大规模合成策略是辅助合成工业电极的关键技术。进一步,我们在推进“绿氢”工业化应用的基础上总结了目前常用三种电解槽,介绍了目前电解槽设计的局限性及对应解决方案。总之,深入研究适用于碱性环境中的工业电催化剂、商业膜或电解槽的设计,提高对工业设计原则的理解,对于获得效率更高、安全性更高、实用性更强的工业电解槽具有重要意义。
Green hydrogen is obtained by electrochemical water splitting using electricity converted from renewable energy sources.When green hydrogen undergoes combustion,it produces only water,leading to zero CO2 emissions from the source,which is important for the global energy transition.The sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)/oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline media have hindered an enhancement in hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting.A detailed understanding of the alkaline reaction kinetics is important to accomplish the global mission of carbon neutrality.This review presents the theoretical kinetics for the HER and OER in alkaline media using different designed electrocatalysts,and discusses their corresponding reaction mechanisms.Subsequently,current design concepts and generalities on catalysts for water electrolysis are discussed.Enhancements in the OER activity for alkaline water electrolysis can be achieved through strategies that are classified into two major categories.In the first category,the exposure of numerous active sites is achieved by engineering the morphology and obtaining a high surface area.In the second category,the intrinsic activity of the catalyst toward the OER is enhanced by heteroatomic participation,vacancy formation,and the use of heterogeneous media.Advanced characterization techniques and in-situ testing techniques have confirmed the presence of complex oxidation media for the OER,which have a significant impact on the catalyst structure and local coordination.Research on the active sites of the catalyst,high concentrations of active species,and the design of highly efficient reaction media is required to further drive catalyst development for the OER.The evaluation of electrocatalysts exhibiting high performance at high current densities to produce green hydrogen is crucial for their implementation in industrial applications.Currently,large-scale synthesis a key technology to obtain industrial electrodes.Meanwhile,the construction of sup
作者
徐斯然
吴奇
卢帮安
唐堂
张佳楠
胡劲松
Siran Xu;Qi Wu;Bang-An Lu;Tang Tang;Jia-Nan Zhang;Jin-Song Hu(Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Catalytic and Functional Materials Preparation,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS),CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis&Reuse Technology,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002,Hubei Province,China.)
出处
《物理化学学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期38-63,共26页
Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(21875221,U1967215,22025208)
河南省高层次人才专项支持计划青年人才支持计划(ZYQR201810148)
河南省教育厅创新人才计划(19HASTIT039)资助项目。
关键词
碱性介质
“绿氢”
电解水
析氢反应
析氧反应
工业电极
电解槽
Alkaline media
“Green hydrogen”
Water splitting
Hydrogen evolution reaction
Oxygen evolution reaction
Industrial electrode
Electrolytic cell
