摘要
“亲自然”是儿童天性发展及本能需求,当前国内儿童面临“自然经验缺乏”的危机,如何促进儿童“亲自然”体验以塑造儿童的身体、情感和认知,让儿童重新回归自然和自由玩耍的童年,是城市管理者和规划设计者的重要责任和义务,也是发展儿童友好的关键。从“亲自然”需求的外在体验行为和内在场所依恋出发,分析在“亲自然”本能驱动下儿童与自然的互动模式及深远意义。通过国内外儿童亲自然体验的创新实践,总结提出“亲自然”发展目标下重塑儿童与自然联系三位一体的“自然处方”,即空间实践的供给层面、政策法规的保障层面、社会服务的支持层面,通过完善城市绿色空间供给和服务,制定儿童与自然联系的政策管理机制,鼓励自下而上的创新发展以及数字化技术的情景驱动,从“附近的自然”到“远方的自然”,开展面向社区、景区、园区、校区、城区近郊等儿童高频接触环境的亲自然体验实践,以重塑儿童与自然的联系。
Biophilia is the instinctive need for children’s development.However,our children are currently facing the crisis of“lack of nature experience”in the city.It is the responsibility and obligation of the city managers and urban planners to promote children’s biophilia experiences,shaping their physical,emotional,and cognitive growth and bringing them back to a natural and free-playing childhood.This paper analyzes the interaction pattern between children and nature driven by the demand of biophilia needs from the external nature-experiencing behavior and internal place attachment.By summarizing domestic and international literature and practices from theoretical construction to practical application,this paper summarizes the“nature prescription”for reconnecting children with nature with the goal of developing biophilia.Based on the supply level of spatial practices,the guarantee level of policies and regulations,and the support level of social services,we should further improve the supply and services of urban green space,develop a policy management mechanism for children’s connection with nature,encourage bottom-up innovation and digital technology-driven scenarios,and carry out projects from“nearby nature”to“faraway nature”.Explore the biophilia experience models for communities,scenic spots,parks,school districts,rural areas,and other children’s high-frequency contact environments in order to reshape the connection between children and nature.
作者
杨丹
董楠楠
YANG Dan;DONG Nannan(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai,China,200092)
出处
《园林》
2023年第3期106-113,共8页
Landscape Architecture Academic Journal
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“基于老幼复合模式的老旧社区儿童友好环境构建策略研究”(编号:2019BCK012)。
关键词
亲自然
儿童自然体验
场所依恋
儿童友好环境
自然处方
biophilia
childhood nature experience
place attachment
child-friendly environment
natural resolutions
