摘要
针对“世卿”礼议之争,公羊家主张“讥世卿”,认为卿大夫任重,当选贤任重,爵位不得继承,不过面对东周以降世卿之现实情况,何休又将选贤与世位结合起来,使“世位”亦浸渍尊贤色彩;《左氏》说、许慎等亦认可“讥世卿”之说,并进一步细化为“世禄不世位”,即卿大夫子孙仅可袭其禄采,不可袭其爵位,郑玄亦同其说,不过又强调有变例,即若有大功德,亦得世卿,以体现尊贤之意。相较而言,许慎、郑玄诸儒当认为周礼本为世禄制,而以世卿为变例;而何休则以“世卿”为周制,“世禄”当为孔子新制,且又变“世位”为“附庸”,如此尊尊与贤贤并重,亦体现孔子改制之义。由此亦体现出东汉时今古文经学之争背后蕴含着对于治统赓续的深刻理解。
In view of the debate about the ritual institute of shiqing(inherited title of qingdafu), scholars of the Gongyang school advocated “ji shiqing”(criticizing shiqing), believing that qingdafu had a heavy duty, so the title should not be inherited.But in the face of the reality of shiqing in the Eastern Zhou dynasty, He Xiu combined the selection of capable people with title inheritance,so that the latter was imbued with the color of meritocracy. Zuo Zhuan and Xu Shen also approved the theory of “ji shiqing” and further elaborated it into “inheritance of salary but not the title,” that is, the descendants of qingdafu can only inherit his wealth, not his position.Zheng Xuan also agreed to this idea, but he stressed that there was room for change. If a descendant had great merit, he could have the position too, and this is a reflection of the ideal of meritocracy. Comparatively speaking, Xu Shen,Zheng Xuan and their fellow scholars thought that according to the Zhou ritual, the shiqing system was a system of inherited salary, with inherited title as a change. He Xiu thought that inherited title was the Zhou system, and that inherited salary was a new system created by Confucius, with “inherited position” as a“vassal.” This system respected those with high social status, and honored those with merit,embodying the spirit of Confucius’ restructuring of the ritual system. This difference reflects that there were deep understandings of the continuation of governance traditions behind the debate on the ancient Chinese classics in the Eastern Han dynasty.
出处
《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》
2022年第4期86-92,7,8,11,12,共11页
International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）
基金
国家社科项目“中国经典诠释学基本文献整理与基本问题研究”(218ZD055)、“东汉制礼困局下的今古文经学思想互动研究”(21CZX029)阶段性成果。
