摘要
【目的】为了响应国家高标准农田建设,笔者采集高县种植区农田土壤样品,对土壤主要养分指标进行测定,并客观评价土壤肥力状况,为高县农业种植区土壤改良及精准施肥提供参考。【方法】笔者对四川高县19个农业生产乡镇进行土壤调研取样,共采集0~20 cm土层样品95份,测定了土地pH、天然有机质(organic matter)、全氮(total nitrogen)、碱解氮(alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen)、有效磷(available phosphorous)、速效钾(available potassium)、缓效钾(slowly available potassium)浓度,并采用土壤养分等级综合指数法和主成分肥力评价法评价了土壤的肥力等级。【结果】高县酸性、碱性土壤占比较大,中性土壤较少;高县19个乡镇土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分总体上处于中等水平,不同地区间差异较大;四烈乡的土壤最肥沃,其次为胜天镇,双河乡的土壤最贫瘠。【结论】建议种植户重视土壤酸碱化的治理,合理施用氮磷钾肥料,加大有机肥的使用量,防止工业污染,提高土壤肥力。
[Objective] In response to the national construction of high-standard farmland, the author collected soil samples from farmland in the cultivation area of Gao County, measured the main nutrient indicators of the soil, and objectively evaluated the soil fertility status to provide reference for soil improvement and precise fertilization in the agricultural cultivation area of Gao County. [Method] A total of 95 soil samples were collected from 0~20 cm soil layer in 19 agricultural production towns in Gao County, Sichuan Province, and the concentrations of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium and slowly available potassium were measured, and the fertility class of the soil was evaluated using the integrated index method of soil nutrient classes and the principal component fertility evaluation method. [Result] Acidic and alkaline soils in Gao County are relatively large, and neutral soils are less common;the nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium in 19 townships in Gao County are generally at an intermediate level, with large differences between different areas;the soil in Silie Township is the most fertile, followed by Shengtian Township, and the soil in Shuanghe Township is the poorest. [Conclusion] It is recommended that growers pay attention to the management of soil acidity and alkalinity, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reasonably, increase the use of organic fertilizers, prevent industrial pollution and improve soil fertility.
作者
李玲琳
Li Linglin(Gao County Agricultura and Rural Affairs,Sichuan Yibin 645154)
基金
四川省地质调查研究院院级科研项目(SDDY-Z2022020)。
关键词
高县农田
主成分分析
土壤肥力评价
pearson相关性
Gao County farmland
principal component analysis
soil fertility evaluation
pearson correlation
