摘要
【目的】研究对比小流域不同坡向、土层和植被类型土壤水文效应的变化规律及差异性,以期为区域森林水文循环和水源涵养林的建设提供理论依据。【方法】以宁夏贺兰山自然保护区东坡响水沟小流域为研究区域,选取该流域阴、阳坡荒漠草原、蒙古扁桃灌丛、灰榆林、油松林、混交林、青海云杉林和亚高山草甸,采用野外调查采样和室内分析的方法研究土壤水文效应。【结果】不同坡向和植被类型之间土壤含水量、容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、最大持水量和最大蓄水量差异显著(P<0.01)。不同坡向间,最大持水量阴坡(58.94%)大于阳坡(44.13%);最大蓄水量阴坡(562.03 t/hm^(2))大于阳坡(502.72 t/hm^(2));不同植被类型之间,最大持水量表现为青海云杉林(70.15%)>混交林(65.73%)>油松林(59.62%)>亚高山草甸(57.61%)>灰榆林(37.19%)>蒙古扁桃灌丛(36.82%)>荒漠草原(29.57%);最大蓄水量表现为混交林(607.24 t/hm^(2))>青海云杉林(601.97 t/hm^(2))>油松林(560.03 t/hm^(2))>亚高山草甸(549.33 t/hm^(2))>灰榆林(480.35 t/hm^(2))>蒙古扁桃灌丛(457.21 t/hm^(2))>荒漠草原(437.17 t/hm^(2))。同时土壤持水量、蓄水量和土壤孔隙度与海拔、植被综合盖度、土壤含水量均显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤容重显著负相关(P<0.01),并且土壤总孔隙度对土壤水文效应的贡献最大,高达86.10%。【结论】综合研究发现阴坡土壤物理性质和水源涵养能力要高于阳坡,青海云杉林、油松林以及混交林等高海拔的乔木针叶林水源涵养能力普遍要高于低海拔的荒漠草原,并且土壤物理性质是影响土壤水文效应的重要因素。
【Objective】The study compared the changing patterns and differences of the hydrological effects of soils in different slope orientations,soil layers and vegetation types in small watersheds,to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of regional forest hydrological cycle and water-conserving forests.【Method】The Xiangshigou sub-basin on the east slope of Ningxia Helan Mountain Nature Reserve was taken as the study area,while the desert steppe of the shaded slope,Amygdalus mongolica bushes,Ulmus glaucescens forest,Pinus tabuliformis forest,mixed forest,Picea crassifolia forest and subalpine meadow were selected to study the soil physical properties and hydrological effects by field survey sampling and indoor analysis.【Result】The differences in soil water content,total porosity,bulk weight,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,the maximum water holding capacity and maximum water storage capacity between slope orientations and vegetation types were significant(P<0.01).Between different slope orientations,the maximum water holding capacity was greater on shady slopes(58.94%)than that on sunny slopes(44.13%);the maximum water storage capacity was greater on shady slopes(562.03 t/hm^(2))than that on sunny slopes(502.72 t/hm^(2));between different vegetation types,the maximum water holding capacity showed Picea crassifolia forest(70.15%)>Mixed forests(65.73%)>Pinus tabuliformis forest(59.62%)>Subalpine meadows(57.61%)>Ulmus glaucescens forest(37.19%)>Amygdalus mongolica bushes(36.82%)>Desert grassland(29.57%).The maximum water storage performance was Mixed forests(607.24 t/hm^(2))>Picea crassifolia forest(601.97 t/hm^(2))>Pinus tabuliformis forest(560.03 t/hm^(2))>Subalpine meadows(549.33 t/hm^(2))>Ulmus glaucescens forest(480.35 t/hm^(2))>Amygdalus mongolica bushes(457.21 t/hm^(2))>Desert grassland(437.17 t/hm^(2)).At the same time,soil water holding capacity,water storage capacity and soil porosity were significantly positively correlated with elevation,vegetation cover and soil water content(P<
作者
何文强
陈林
庞丹波
曹萌豪
张雅琪
李学斌
HE Wenqiang;CHEN Lin;PANG Danbo;CAO Menghao;ZHANG Yaqi;LI Xuebin(College of Ecological Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期102-113,共12页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BEG02005)
国家自然科学基金项目(31960359)
第三批宁夏青年科技人才托举工程项目。
关键词
贺兰山东坡
小流域
植被类型
土壤
水文效应
Helan eastern slope
small watershed
vegetation type
soil
hydrological effect
