摘要
矿山废弃地对生态环境破坏严重,矿区土壤修复是确保生态环境安全和可持续发展的关键.从开采方式、复垦理论、土壤类型、修复技术、生态效益评估方面总结了国内外矿区土地复垦的研究进展,并对我国矿山土地复垦工作进行了展望.结果表明:(1)在矿区土地复垦程中,应关注前期的准备工作与后期生态恢复的最佳结合;实现水土保持和植被恢复治理,对促进矿区土地快速修复起到关键作用.(2)土壤修复措施需要实现进一步创新,要开展多领域、多学科协作发展物理、化学和生物修复方法;加快土壤理化性质的恢复,提高植被覆盖率,改善小气候.(3)需要对矿区进行修复生态效应评价,建立较为一致且完善的质量评价体系,对矿区土地复垦治理方案的建立与实施均有指导作用.
The abandoned mine land is seriously damaged to the ecological environment,especially the problems caused by the soil in the mining area have been becoming increasingly prominent.Soil restoration in the mining area is the key to ensure the safety and sustainable development of the ecological environment.This paper summarizes the research progress of land reclamation at home and abroad from the aspects of mining mode,reclamation theory,soil type,restoration technology and ecological benefit evaluation,and prospects the mine land reclamation work in China to provide reference for the future development of soil reclamation in China.(1)In the land reclamation process of the mining area,the optimal combination of early preparation and later ecological restoration should be paid attention;realizing water and soil conservation and vegetation restoration shall play a key role in promoting the rapid restoration of land in the mining area.(2)Soil remediation measures need further innovation,to conduct multi-field and multidisciplinary cooperation to develop physical,chemical and biological restoration methods;accelerate the recovery of soil physical and chemical properties,improve the vegetation coverage rate,and improve the microclimate.(3)Ecological effect evaluation of mine restoration needs to be taken,after that establish a relatively consistent and perfect quality evaluation system;this system will guide the establishment and implementation of the land reclamation and management scheme in the mining area.
作者
周际
赵财胜
张丽佳
王立威
王莉莉
ZHOU Ji;ZHAO Cai-sheng;ZHANG Li-jia;WANG Li-wei;WANG LI-li(Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China;Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Centre of the Ministry of Nature Resources of the People s Republic of China,Beijing 100037,China)
出处
《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第1期151-156,共6页
Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室开放基金资助项目(MEER-2022-06)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507804).
关键词
土地复垦
土壤修复
生态修复
矿区复垦
land rehabilitation
soil remediation
ecological restoration
mine reclamation
