摘要
【目的】十堰市是南水北调中线工程的核心水源区,全面认识畜禽养殖污染现状及其对耕地的潜在威胁,为加强畜禽粪便风险管控提供依据。【方法】运用畜禽粪便环境风险评价模型,对十堰市各县(区、市)2020年主要畜禽粪便来源结构进行定量分析,并从种养平衡视角对其环境风险进行综合评价。【结果】十堰市2020年主要畜禽养殖粪便猪粪当量达306.85×10^(4)t,且主要分布于郧阳区、丹江口市和房县,粪便中有机物的化学需氧量(COD)最大(57.00×10^(4)t),总氮(TN)(2.63×10^(4)t),总磷(TP)含量较少(0.65×10^(4)t)。十堰市畜禽养殖等标污染负荷总量为15.532×1010m3,且在不同地区的来源结构差异明显,TP是畜禽养殖的首要污染物,其污染等标负荷占负荷总量的41.68%,其次为TN,污染负荷率为33.85%,COD的等标污染负荷率最小,为24.47%。养牛是十堰地区畜禽养殖面源污染的首要污染源,对等标污染负荷总量的贡献率达49.47%,其次为家禽(21.60%)。环境污染风险评价结果显示,全市单位耕地畜禽粪便负荷强度为10.15 t·hm^(-2),警报值为0.338,分级指数为Ⅰ,对环境构成污染的威胁为“无”。TN、TP的负荷强度分别为0.09和0.02 t·hm^(-2),环境风险指数为1.023和1.223,但区域间存在明显的空间分异特征。全市有超过1/2地区存在潜在的畜禽养殖污染风险,其中以茅箭区和郧阳区最为突出。以磷(P)为衡量标准,十堰市养殖总量须在现有基础上消减98.51万头猪当量。【结论】保持合理的畜禽养殖规模(≤441.00万头猪当量),同时做好污染物消减措施,对促进十堰市种养平衡和畜禽养殖业有序发展具有重要意义。
【Objective】Shiyan city was the core water source area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project,a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of livestock and poultry pollution and its potential threat to farmland would provide a basis for strengthening environmental risk control.【Method】This paper used the livestock manure environmental risk assessment model to quantitatively analyze the source structure of livestock and poultry manure in different areas of Shiyan city in2020,and the environmental risk from the perspective of the balance between planting and raising was comprehensively evaluated.【Result】The total amount of livestock and poultry manure reached 306.85×10^(4) t in 2020,and it was mainly distributed in Yunyang district,Danjiangkou city and Fangxian county.COD production was the highest (57.00×10^(4) t),followed by TN (2.63×10^(4) t),and TP production was less (0.65×10^(4) t).The total equivalent standard pollution load was 15.532×1010m~3,and the source structure was obviously inconsistent in different regions.TP was the primary pollutant in livestock and poultry breeding,and its equivalent standard pollution load accounts for 41.68%of the total load,followed by TN with the pollution load rate of 33.85%,and the lowest equivalent standard pollution load rate of COD was 24.47%.Cattle was the primary source of non-point source pollution in livestock and poultry production in Shiyan city,contributing 49.47%to the total pollution load of the equivalent standard,followed by poultry(21.60%).According to the result of environmental pollution risk assessment,the load of animal excretion per hectare of arable land in Shiyan city was 10.15 t·hm^(-2),the alarm value was 0.338 and the risk level wasⅠ,indicating the environmental pollution was“no risk”.The load intensity of TN and TP was 0.09 and 0.02 t·hm^(-2),respectively,and the environmental risk index was 1.023 and 1.223,respectively,but there were obvious spatial differences among regions.More than hal
作者
龚世飞
肖能武
丁武汉
居学海
吴平华
余永松
李虎
GONG ShiFei;XIAO NengWu;DING WuHan;JU XueHai;WU PingHua;YU YongSong;LI Hu(Danjiangkou Reservoir of Shiyan Ecological Agriculture Institute,Shiyan 442000,Hubei;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期920-934,共15页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-XTCX2016015)。
关键词
十堰市
耕地承载力
畜禽粪便
耕地负荷
环境风险
Shiyan city
arable land carrying capacity
livestock and poultry manure
cropland load
environmental risk
