摘要
Potential advantages of active electrode nanomaterials have led to development of high energy and power density lithium-ion(Li-ion)batteries.However,under increasing demand for critical resources such as lithium and cobalt,it is necessary to use abundant raw materials,which can be obtained from industrial waste.In this work,purified Mg(OH)_(2)from waste generated in the production of Li2CO3 with natural brines from the Salar de Atacama(Chile)is used as a doping agent for synthesis of LiMn_(2)O_(4)(LMO)spinel octahedral nanoparticles co-doped with excess Li and Mg.Crystallization of a pure cubic spinel phase(Fd3m)takes place at 500℃and sintering temperature effect at 580 and 750℃,thus the elemental composition and the structural,morphological,and electrochemical properties are studied in detail.Optimum electrochemical performance at room temperature is obtained for Li_(1.03)Mg_(0.05)Mn_(1.92)O_(4)spinel sintered at 750℃with an initial discharge capacity of 121.3 mAh·g^(-1)and capacity retention of 94.0%after 100 cycles at C/3.A locally ordered spinel structure is obtained at 750℃,and doping with Mg^(2+)improves structural rigidity.Synergy between both effects resulted in a high Li^(+)diffusion rate(1.29×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1))significantly improving cycling performance at elevated C-rates in 50℃.
基金
Research presented in this article was funded by Programa Formacion de Capital Humano Avanzado from Comision Nacional de Investigación Cientifica and Tecnológica(No.CONICYT-PCHA/DoctoradoNacional/2015-21151464)
Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación enÁreas Prioritarias(No.ANID/FONDAP/15110019)
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico and Tecnologico(No.FONDECYT REGULAR N°1191347)
Programa Ingenieria 2030 from Corporación de Fomento de la Produccion(No.ING2030 CORFO 16ENI2-71940).
