摘要
企业在数字化转型过程中是否会增加对高技能劳动力的需求,进而优化企业的人力资本结构?基于2013-2020年中国A股上市公司员工雇佣数据,本文对上述问题进行考察并分析其作用渠道。结果显示,数字化转型显著提升了企业本科及以上学历员工的占比,即优化了企业的人力资本结构,且该效应在低融资约束企业、非技术密集型行业和东部地区更为明显。作用机制检验证实,数字化转型显著增加了企业的固定资产投资和研发投资,扩大了企业经营规模,进而促使企业增加对高技能劳动力的需求。进一步研究发现,数字化转型显著提升了企业经营效率,同时增加了高管和普通员工的工资。上述结论表明,企业数字化转型具有技能偏向性特征,有助于企业劳动力结构转型升级。本文研究对数字经济背景下深入理解企业劳动力结构升级变化具有一定参考意义。
In recent years,China's digital economy has grown with the rapid development in emerging technologies.According to the 2021 White Paper on the Development of China's Digital Economy by the China Academy of Information and Communication Technology,the digital economy demonstrated strong resilience despite the global economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and contributed 38.6%to China's GDP growth.In March 2021,the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan proposed accelerating the building of a digital economy,digital society and digital government to drive overall changes in production,lifestyle and governance.The digital economy is gathering momentum and is now a part of China's national strategy.In this context,enterprises have wholeheartedly embraced digital transformation,trying to integrate information technology with the traditional modes of production and operation.Academic researchers are also focusing on topics related to the digital transformation of enterprises.Studies have examined the impact of digital transformation on specialization and division of labor,business performance,productivity and input-output efficiency.However,the literature does not discuss the impact of digital transformation on the human capital of an enterprise.Therefore,this study fills a gap in the literature by focusing on this topic.This study argues that digital transformation relies on the application of intelligent equipment to automate many routine and repetitive tasks through computer programming,which reduces the demand for low-skilled labor in enterprises,and shows the technology substitution effect of digital transformation.In contrast,integration of digital technology with an enterprise's production and operation activities also leads enterprises to deepen their capital.For example,enterprises may purchase more advanced machinery and office automation systems and accordingly improve the level of independent research and development of technology.These changes lead to the creation of many new high-skilled jo
作者
叶永卫
李鑫
刘贯春
YE Yongwei;LI Xin;LIU Guanchun(School of Public Economics and Administration,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;School of Business,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;Lingnan College,Sun Yat-sen University)
出处
《金融研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期74-92,共19页
Journal of Financial Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21AJY011)的资助。
关键词
数字化转型
人力资本
高技能劳动力
Digital Transformation
Human Capital
Highly Skilled Worker
