摘要
白榆是我国重要的乡土树种之一。为促进我国多倍体白榆的人工杂交培育和选优,以二倍体、三倍体及同源四倍体白榆叶片为试材,测定叶片表型指标、显微差异及光合生理特性,比较分析不同倍体间的变异程度及基因倍性发生改变对白榆产生的影响。结果表明,三倍体及同源四倍体白榆叶长、叶宽、叶面积都显著高于二倍体白榆,可见白榆在叶长、叶宽、叶面积这些形态学特征方面表现出多倍化后的巨大化特征。通过显微镜观察发现四倍体及三倍体白榆叶片上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度这些指标都高于二倍体白榆,巨大化特征表现十分突出,置于相同放大倍数视野下观察,出现了倍性增加气孔器密度稀疏的现象,可见气孔器密度与倍性有明显的相关性。三倍体及同源四倍体白榆的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)都显著高于二倍体白榆,说明倍性的增加会使白榆的Pn及Tr增加。白榆叶绿素a (Chl a)含量高于叶绿素b(Chl b)含量,并且Chl a、Chl b及总叶绿素(Chl)含量随着倍性的增加而增大,表现出明显的多倍体植株的光合色素含量增加的特征。
Ulmus pumila is one of the important native species in China. In order to promote artificial hybrid cultivation and selection of polyploid Ulmus pumila in our country. Using diploid, triploid and homologous tetraploid Ulmus pumila leaves as test materials, the phenotypic indexes, microscopic differences and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of leaves were measured.The degree of variation among different ploidy and the effect of gene ploidy change on Ulmus pumila were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of triploid and homologous tetraploid Ulmus pumila were significantly higher than those of diploid Ulmus pumila. It can be seen that the morphological characteristics of Ulmus pumila such as leaf length, leaf width and leaf area showed magnification after multiploidy. The thickness of upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue and spongy tissue of leaves of tetraploid and triploid Ulmus pumila were higher than those of diploid Ulmus pumila, and the characteristics of magnification were very prominent.Under the same magnification field, the ploidy increased the sparse density of stomatal apparatus, this showed there was obvious correlation between stomatal density and ploidy. The Pn and Tr of triploid and homologous tetraploid Ulmus pumila were significantly higher than those of diploid Ulmus pumila, so the increase of ploidy would increase the Pn and Tr of Ulmus pumila. The content of Chl a was higher than that of Chl b, and the contents of Chl a, Chl b and Chl increased with the increase of ploidy.It showed obvious characteristics of photosynthetic pigment content in polyploid plants.
作者
崔华蕾
郭欢欢
杨丽晓
马小欣
李探
陈彩霞
梁海永
CUI Hualei;GUO Huanhuan;YANG Lixiao;MA Xiaoxin;LI Tan;CHEN Caixia;LIANG Haiyong(Hebei Wuling Mountain National Nature Reserve Management Center,Chengde 067300,China;College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;People′s Government of Wulingshan Town Xinglong County,Chengde 067300,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2023年第3期68-72,共5页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
河北省科技计划项目(17226312D)。
关键词
白榆
多倍体
叶片表型
显微结构
光合特性
Ulmus pumila L.
polyploidy
leaf phenotype
microstructure
photosynthetic properties
