摘要
基于常规气象观测资料和探空资料,对2007—2019年山东省123个国家级地面气象观测站观测到的持续性短时强降水发生特征、环流形势和环境参数进行分析。结论如下:(1)其间共有81个站点在78个降水日内发生144站次持续性短时强降水,鲁东南地区发生次数和发生站点比例均明显高于其他区域;降水集中在6月下旬至8月下旬,又以8月上旬至中旬最多。(2)天气过程主要发生在低层绝对湿度和相对湿度高、抬升凝结高度低、暖云层厚的条件性不稳定环境下。(3)准正压类和低层暖平流强迫类探空温湿廓线近似平行,对流有效位能中等、垂直风切变偏弱,低层暖湿平流是大气层结不稳定建立或维持的主导者;斜压锋生类和高空冷平流强迫类探空温湿廓线呈“V”形,低层偏湿、中层偏干,对流有效位能较弱、垂直风切变中等,冷暖平流对于大气层结不稳定的作用均较显著。
Based on conventional meteorological observation data and sounding data,the characteristics,circulations,and environmental parameters of persistent short-time severe rainfall at 123 national meteorological stations in Shandong from 2007 to 2019 are analyzed.The results are as follows.(1)There are 144 times of persistent short-time severe rainfall processes at 81 stations on 78 precipitation days,and the frequency and proportion of stations of precipitation in the southeast of Shandong Province are significantly higher than those in other regions.The majority of precipitation occurs from late June to late August,and the most is from early to mid-August.(2)The synoptic processes mainly occur in conditional instability with high absolute humidity and high relative humidity in the low level,low lifting condensation level,and thick warm cloud.(3)For quasi-barotropic category and low-level warm advection forcing category,their temperature and humidity profiles are approximately parallel,convective available potential energy is moderate,vertical wind shear is weak,and low-level warm and moist advection plays an important role in the establishment or maintenance of unstable stratification.For baroclinic frontogenesis category and upper cold advection forcing category,both of the temperature and humidity profiles present a“V”shape,the lower layer is humid,the middle layer is dry,convective available potential energy is weak,vertical wind shear is moderate,and both cold advection and warm advection are significant to unstable environment.
作者
赵海军
潘玲
毛子卿
ZHAO Haijun;PAN Ling;MAO Ziqing(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Linyi Meteorological Bureau,Linyi 276004,China;Rizhao Meteorological Bureau,Rizhao 276800,China;Kashgar Meteorological Bureau,Kashgar 844000,China)
出处
《海洋气象学报》
2023年第1期63-74,共12页
Journal of Marine Meteorology
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(91937301)
山东省气象局重点科研项目(2017sdqxz09)
山东省气象局预报员专项(SDYBY2018-13)。
关键词
短时强降水
持续性
环境参数
水汽
不稳定
short-time severe rainfall
persistent
environmental parameter
water vapor
unstable
