摘要
明清时期王朝国家、地方政府与各地土司利用土司制度治理土司及土司地区称为“三位一体”的土司制度治理。明清政府治理土司及土司地区的举措有三:中央政府规定土司官秩;中央政府颁布土司承袭法规;中央政府管控土司权力。地方政府治理土司及土司地区的举措有四:落实土司制度治理的规章和决策;提出土司地区制度治理的对策建议;协调王朝国家与土司地区社会关系;更替土司地区基层社会权力。各地土司对其辖区治理举措有二:土司机构保持正常运行,执行国家的成文制度;土司族内统治阶层等协同运行。从宏观、中观和微观三个层面探讨土司制度治理,不仅有助于深化土司制度的研究,而且对民族地区国家治理现代化有所启迪。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the state, the local government and the local Tusi used the Tusi system to govern the Tusi and the Tusi areas, known as the "Trinity" of Tusi governance. The government of the Ming and Qing Dynasties governed the Tusi and their regions in three ways: the central government established the official rank of the Tusi;the central government issued regulations on the inheritance of the Tusi;and the central government controlled the power of the Tusi. The local governments took four steps to govern the Tusi and their regions: implementing the regulations and decisions on the governance of the Tusi system;proposing countermeasures for the governance of the Tusi system;coordinating the social relations between the dynastic state and the Tusi regions;and replacing the grassroots social power in the Tusi regions. The local Tusi has two initiatives for the governance of their areas: the Tusi institutions maintain normal operation and implement the written system of the state;and the ruling class within the Tusi clan and others operate in concert. Exploring the governance of the Tusi system at three levels: micro, meso and macro will not only help to deepen the study of the Tusi system, but also shed light on the modernization of state governance in ethnic areas.
出处
《青海民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期1-8,共8页
Qinghai Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“改土归流与中华民族共同体建设的历史文献整理与研究”(批准号:19ZDA182)阶段性成果。
关键词
明清时期
“三位一体”
土司制度治理
Ming and Qing Dynasties
"Trinity"
Governance of the Tusi system
