摘要
气候环境对古文化的发展影响深远,是环境考古研究的重要内容。小珠山文化是辽东半岛新石器时期以来最重要的一支考古文化,其发展过程与全新世气候环境的关系并不明晰。为了研究小珠山文化发展的气候环境背景,本项研究分析了以辽东半岛为主的全新世气候变化过程,结合主要遗址的考古记录,探讨气候环境变化对小珠山文化的发源、发展、衰落过程、文化交流、遗址分布、生业模式方面的影响。研究表明:全新世气候环境变化对小珠山文化发展的不同阶段具有显著影响。早全新世8.2ka B.P.冷事件可能促进了兴隆洼文化的南下,是小珠山文化发源的有利条件;中全新世早期,温暖湿润的气候为小珠山文化发展提供了先决条件;中全新世晚期,不稳定的气候条件促进了小珠山文化第三期的文化交流以及农业发展,4.2ka B.P.气候事件则可能是导致小珠山文化走向衰落的重要气候因素。小珠山文化遗址分布呈现出由海岛到陆地的特点,气候变化引起的海岸线和可利用资源等变化是导致小珠山遗址分布变化的重要因子,同时对文化交流和生业模式的改变也起到了重要作用。该研究对揭示长时间尺度下古文化发展对气候变化的应对策略与规律提供参考。
Both climate and environment are crucial and have a profound impact on the evolution of ancient cultures.As the most representative Neolithic culture of Liaodong Peninsula in Northeast China,the development of Xiaozhushan culture(39°11'06.99"N,122°21'20.22"E)and its response to Holocene climatic and environmental change remains unclear.To this end,this study focuses on the paleoclimate records during the Holocene at regional scale,combined with archeological data to discover the linkages between the culture and the climate/environment change in the past,for example,their influence on the distribution of archeological sites,cultural exchanges and subsistence strategy in terms of the development and decline of the culture.Results revealed that the Xiaozhushan culture started in 6592cal.a B.P.and finished in 4126cal.a B.P.and both climate and environment had a significant impact on different stages of it.During the Early Holocene,the 8.2ka cold event may promote the southward movement of the Xinglongwa culture and provide favorable conditions as a"cradle of culture";During the Middle Holocene,the warm and humid climate provided the prerequisites for the development of the culture,furthermore,such climatic conditions likely facilitated the culture exchange as well as agriculture activities.The following 4.2ka event could possibly lead to the decline of the Xiaozhushan culture.It also suggested that the changes in coastline and available resources not only determine the distribution of archeological sites,but also play an important role in the cultural exchanges and subsistence strategy.Frequent communication occurred during the third to fifth stage because of the unstable climate environment in the late Middle Holocene and early Late Holocene.Climate fluctuations also promoted cultural exchanges in production patterns.The ancients gradually migrate to the inland river region because of decrease of resources.Finally,this study provides a reference for the potential adaptive strategies in response to climate change f
作者
张威
马瑞丰
刘亮
张裕
高云军
柴乐
ZHANG Wei;MA Ruifeng;LIU Liang;ZHANG Yu;GAO Yunjun;CHAI Le(School of Geography,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,Liaoning;School of Management,Anshan Normal University,Anshan 114007,Liaoning;School of Earth Science,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期200-211,共12页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
辽宁省社会科学规划基金重点项目(批准号:L20AKG001)
辽宁省特聘教授项目“辽东半岛黄土记录的风沙活动与海平面之间的关系”(批准号:60618006)共同资助。
关键词
辽东半岛
小珠山文化
新石器时代
古气候
环境考古
Liaodong Peninsula
Xiaozhushan culture
the Neolithic age
paleoclimate
environmental archaeology
