摘要
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)对生态环境和农产品安全的潜在威胁已引起世界各国的广泛关注.在江苏省邳州市大蒜核心产区采集了11种大蒜样品、 106个表层土壤和4种农膜样品,通过GC-MS法分析了大蒜、土壤和农膜中的16种PAEs含量,并通过水培试验研究了邳州主栽大蒜品种大青稞对6种优先控制类PAEs的吸收和运输特征.结果表明,邳州大蒜蒜瓣中主要PAEs种类为邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),ω(DBP)和ω(DEHP)平均值分别为0.611 mg·kg^(-1)和0.167 mg·kg^(-1),显著高于市售大蒜品种.蒜头中DBP和DEHP含量大小顺序依次为:蒜头皮>蒜瓣皮>蒜瓣.大蒜土壤中的PAEs种类主要为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、 DBP和DEHP,检出率均为100%.与美国环保署制定的土壤PAEs控制标准比,DMP和DBP含量超过控制标准,超标率分别达100%和63.2%,其他3种PAEs含量均低于控制标准,但ω(DEHP)平均值达486μg·kg^(-1),远高于其他PAEs.农膜样品中检出DMP、 DEP、 DIBP、 DBP、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)和DEHP这6种PAEs,其中DBP和DEHP含量最高,占总PAEs的质量分数为53.7%~63.2%.6种PAEs在残膜中的检出量均显著低于新膜,且全部在大蒜或土壤样品中检出,说明农膜可能是大蒜和种植土壤中PAEs的重要来源.6种优控PAEs中,大蒜对DMP和DEP的转运能力最强,这2种PAEs主要在地上部积累;DBP和BBP在大蒜根系中的富集系数最大(高达57.4和81.5),但向地上部的转运能力却较低,是DBP易在蒜头中积累的重要原因之一;大蒜对DEHP和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DnOP)的富集系数和转运系数相对较低,蒜瓣样品中检出的DEHP可能与其在土壤中的含量较高有关.
Phthalic acid esters(PAEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are recognized as a threat to the environment and agricultural product safety across the world.In order to investigate the level of PAEs in garlic,soils,and agricultural films from Pizhou City,Jiangsu province,China,11 garlic samples,106 soil samples,and 4 agricultural film samples were collected and analyzed using GC-MS.In addition,the uptake and transport characteristics of six PAEs compounds classified as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) in the garlic cultivar Daqingke were investigated under hydroponic conditions.The results indicated that dibutyl phthalate(DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) were the dominant PAEs species in garlic cloves of the different garlic varieties from Pizhou City.The average contents of DBP and DEHP in garlic cloves were 0.611 mg·kg^(-1) and 0.167 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the commercial varieties of garlic.The concentrations of DBP and DEHP differed in three tissues of garlic bulbs,ordered as the skin of garlic bulb>skin of garlic clove>garlic clove.Dimethyl phthalate(DMP),diethyl phthalate(DEP),diisobutyl phthalate(DIBP),DBP,and DEHP were the main PAEs species and were detected in all the surface soils collected from Pizhou City.Compared with the soil allowable concentrations of the six PAEs in the United States,the DMP and DBP concentrations in approximately 100% and 63.2% of soil samples exceeded the recommended allowable concentrations set by the EPA.However,the levels of DEP,DIBP,and DEHP in the soils were below the maximum allowable concentrations set by the EPA.Nevertheless,the average content of DEHP in soils was 486 μg·kg^(-1) and was found to be much higher than that in the other four PAEs.Six PAEs,including DMP,DEP,DIBP,DBP,butyl benzyl phthalate(BBP),and DEHP,were detected in all the agricultural film samples.Among them,the contents of DBP and DEHP in the agricultural films were the highest,accounting
作者
王亚
肖霞霞
杨云
冯发运
宋立晓
陈小龙
孙星
李勇
曾晓萍
马金骏
余向阳
WANG Ya;XIAO Xia-xia;YANG Yun;FENG Fa-yun;SONG Li-xiao;CHEN Xiao-long;SUN Xing;LI Yong;ZENG Xiao-ping;MA Jin-jun;YU Xiang-yang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;School of the Environment and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Jiangsu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Nanjing 210000,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期1029-1039,共11页
Environmental Science
基金
江苏中晚熟大蒜产业集群建设项目(22912105)
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(20)1009)。
关键词
大蒜
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)
农膜
污染土壤
积累
garlic
phthalic acid esters(PAEs)
agricultural film
contaminated soil
accumulation
