摘要
目前藏医七大体质的辨识及其在“治未病”中的应用研究处于起步阶段,通过梳理古代不同时期藏医体质分类的文献,考究其理论依据,对各种不同时期体质的分类及其分类方法和依据、不同体质的特征表述、发病倾向、形成因素等进行分析,并与中医、现代医学等多种学科进行比较,深入探讨藏医体质的分类、辨识原理及应用价值。发现在《月王药诊》《八支集》《四部医典》等藏医古籍文献中详细记载了人体体质的分类与特征,其关键在于体质的辨识。在藏医学中应用“望”“触”“问”三种辨识原理制定了辨识七大体质的方法,其中“望”即通过眼识感官辨识头型、体形、肤色、尿液、舌象等的形状与颜色,“触”即通过切脉及粗糙感触辨识;“问”即通过询问身心不适及心理现象。这种方法对不同体质的起居、饮食、药物、外治养生方法奠定了理论基础。采用五欲养生、不同体质的“治未病”等方法从而达到防病治病、延年益寿的目的。从藏医体质分类、辨识、不同体质的“治未病”方法等方面建立学科分支,从多学科、多角度、多层次开展研究,使之进入新的研究发展阶段。
At present,the identification of the seven constitutions of Tibetan medicine and its application in“treating diseases before they occur”are in the initial stage.This paper analyzes the classification of constitutions in different periods and their classification methods and basis,the characteristics of different constitutions,the tendency of disease onset,and the formation factors by combing the literature on the classification of Tibetan medicine constitutions in different periods in ancient times,and compares them from traditional Chinese medicine,modern medicine and other disciplines.To further explore the classification,identification principle and application value of Tibetan medical constitution.It is found that the classification and characteristics of human physique are recorded in detail in ancient Tibetan medical books and documents such as Yue-wang Medicine Diagnosis,Ba-zhi-ji and Si-bu Medical Code.The key lies in the identification of physique.In Tibetan medicine,three identification principles of“looking”,“touching”and“asking”have been applied to develop a method for identifying seven kinds of physiques.Among them,“looking”means recognizing the shapes and colors of head shape,body shape,skin color,urine,tongue image,etc.through eyes and senses.“Touching”means recognizing the shapes,colors through pulse palpation and rough feeling.“Asking”means asking about physical and mental discomfort and psychological phenomena.This method has laid a theoretical foundation for the daily life,diet,medicine and external treatment of different constitutions.The five desires for health preservation and different constitutions of“curing diseases before they occur”are adopted to prevent and treat diseases and prolong life.We will establish branches of disciplines from the aspects of Tibetan medicine’s constitution classification,identification,and the“treatment of pre disease”methods of different constitutions to carry out researches from multiple disciplines,angles,and levels so t
作者
扎西东主
bKra-Shis-Don-Grub(Tibetan Medical College,Qinghai University)
出处
《青海师范大学学报（藏文版）》
2022年第4期156-169,共14页
Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)
基金
国家社科基金项目“藏医七大体质的辨识及其在‘治未病’中的应用研究”(20XMZ028)
国家中医药管理局—全国中医药创新骨干人才培训项目(国中医药人教函[2019]128号)
2021年青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业拔尖人才”项目。
关键词
藏医
七大体质
辨识
原理
“望、问、触”
Tibetan medicine
seven constitutions
identification
principle
“Looking
touching
asking”
