摘要
采用多源卫星影像融合遥感监测技术,根据《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ 192—2015),利用生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地胁迫指数、污染负荷指数和环境限制指数建立综合评价模型,以面积加权平均实现尺度转换,采用一元线性回归模型的斜率(θslope)分析“十三五”以来我国生态质量现状及变化趋势。结果表明,当前我国生态质量状况优良、一般、较差的国土面积占比分别为46.6%、22.2%、31.2%。2016年以来,我国生态环境状况指数整体呈增加趋势,年平均增加幅度为0.24,其中北京、河北、辽宁、上海、宁夏等省份的增加趋势比较显著,对应的θslope分别为3.01、1.02、1.04、1.89、1.24。生态环境状况指数呈略微增加、明显增加、显著增加的县域数量分别为271、545、287个,面积占比分别为10.5%、19.8%、5.5%,主要分布在东北地区、黄土高原、三江源地区、秦岭山地、东部平原地区以及长江流域部分地区。其中:黄土高原、三江源等地区生态质量提升主要是因为上述地区实施生态保护修复工程后,整体绿化程度明显改善,林草等生态用地恢复面积显著增加;东部平原地区生态质量提升主要是因为我国实施污染防治攻坚战后,污染物排放量大幅削减,水、气环境质量明显提升,生态系统胁迫压力不断降低。
Mainly based on multi-source satellite image fusion remote sensing monitoring technology,according to Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation(HJ 192-2015),the paper established a comprehensive evaluation model by using biological abundance index,vegetation coverage index,water network density index,land stress index,pollution load index and environmental limit index.The comprehensive model used area weighted average to realize scale conversion.The study adopted the slope of the unitary linear regression model(θslope)to analyze the current situation and change trend of China s ecological quality since the 13th Five Year Plan period.The results showed that the land area ratios of good,general and poor ecological quality in China were 46.6%,22.2%and 31.2%,respectively.From^(2)016 to 2021,China s ecological quality status index showed an overall increasing trend,with an average annual increase of 0.24.The growth trend of Beijing,Hebei,Liaoning,Shanghai and Ningxia was significant,theθslope was 3.01,1.02,1.04,1.89 and 1.24 respectively.The ecological quality increased slightly,significantly and remarkable in 271,545 and 287 counties,with area ratio of 10.5%,19.8%and 5.5%,respectively,which were distributed in Northeast China,Loess Plateau,Three River Source area,Qinling Mountains,Eastern Plain area and part of Yangtze River Basin.Among them,the improvement of ecological quality in the Loess Plateau,Three River Source area is mainly due to the significant improvement of the overall greening of vegetation and the significant increase of the restoration area of forest and grass and other ecological land after the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects in the above areas.The Eastern Plain area is mainly due to the substantial reduction of pollutant emissions,the significant improvement of water and gas environment quality and the continuous reduction of ecosystem stress after the implementation of pollution prevention and control in China.
作者
董贵华
王业耀
于洋
刘海江
王刚
罗海江
DONG Guihua;WANG Yeyao;YU Yang;LIU Haijiang;WANG Gang;LUO Haijiang(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《中国环境监测》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期1-9,共9页
Environmental Monitoring in China
关键词
生态环境状况指数
县域
时空分布
ecological index
county territory
analysis on spatio-temporal changes
