摘要
骨关节炎是一种常见的关节退行性疾病,而软骨损伤通常被认为是不可逆的关节变性早期因素。由于软骨的自我修复和再生能力有限,目前软骨缺损的修复仍是一个具有挑战性的医学难题。近年来,应用组织工程技术治疗软骨缺损被认为是一种新的治疗途径。软骨脱细胞基质(acellular cartilage matrix,ACM)保留了天然软骨的细胞外基质空间结构和生物活性成分,能够最大程度地模拟天然软骨的细胞外环境,是软骨修复与再生的理想材料。ACM的主要组成成分包括胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、生长因子等,其中Ⅱ型胶原蛋白是透明软骨中的主要类型,在调节软骨组织的机械性能方面发挥重要作用。有研究证实Ⅱ型胶原蛋白、生长因子和低氧微环境分别在促进软骨再生中发挥重要作用。Ⅱ型胶原蛋白可以通过特定的方式诱导细胞聚集和软骨分化;ACM中含有的多种生长因子能够诱导Sox9的表达,促进干细胞成软骨分化;低氧微环境可上调Ⅱ型胶原(COL2A1)、Sox9的表达并维持软骨细胞表型。此外,ACM已被广泛应用于软骨再生的研究,将ACM制备成脱细胞支架、水凝胶或是利用3D生物打印技术对软骨缺损进行修复均取得了良好的软骨再生效果。尽管ACM源性生物材料具有诸多优点,但在实际应用中尚存在一些问题,例如ACM的成分丢失、支架的性能降低等,值得进行深度的探索和挖掘。
Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease,and cartilage damage is often considered an early factor in irreversible joint degeneration.Repairing damaged cartilage remains a medical challenge due to its limited ability to self-repair and regenerate.In recent years,the application of tissue engineering strategies to treat cartilage defects has been recognized as an emerging therapeutic avenue.Acellular cartilage matrix(ACM)is an ideal material for cartilage repair and regeneration as it retains the extracellular matrix structure and bioactive components of natural cartilage,mimicking the extracellular environment of natural cartilage to the greatest extent.Type II collagen is the main type of hyaline cartilage and plays an important role in regulating the mechanical properties of cartilage tissue.It has been shown that type II collagen,growth factors and the hypoxic microenvironment play important roles in promoting cartilage regeneration.Type II collagen induces cell aggregation and chondrogenic differentiation in a specific way;Various growth factors contained in the ACM induce Sox9 expression and promote chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells;The hypoxic microenvironment upregulates the expression of type II collagen(COL2A1),Sox9 and maintains chondrocyte phenotype.In addition,ACM has been widely used in cartilage regeneration studies,either as a decellularized scaffold,hydrogel or 3D bioprinting technique for the repair of defective cartilage.Although the ACM-derived biomaterials discussed in this paper have many advantages,there are still some difficulties in their practical applications,such as loss of ACM components and reduced scaffold performance,which are still worth exploring in depth.
作者
陈欣
孙一
肖慧敏
沈君劼
余雅玲
文根
Chen Xin;Sun Yi;Xiao Huimin;Shen Junjie;Yu Yaling;Wen Gen(Department of Orthopaedics,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital,Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200233,China)
出处
《中华骨科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期191-196,共6页
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics
基金
国家自然科学基金 (82002291)。
关键词
软骨
关节
脱细胞细胞外基质
组织支架
再生
组织工程
Cartilage,articular
Decellularized extracellular matrix
Tissue scaffolds
Regeneration
Tissue engineering
