摘要
对航空动力传动系统渗碳齿轮材料的代际发展、组分特征与强化机制进行综述。第一代渗碳齿轮钢为低碳中低合金钢,渗层组织通过Fe_(3)C型碳化物进行表面硬化,因合金化元素含量低,第一代渗碳齿轮钢回火抗力差,普遍服役温区≤200℃。在第一代渗碳齿轮钢中,16Cr3NiWMoVNbE材料碳化物形成元素含量相对较高,通过临界饱和渗碳工艺方法,该材料可进阶为第二代渗碳齿轮钢进行宽温域服役。第二代渗碳齿轮钢为低碳中高合金钢,通过进一步提高合金化程度,适当提升抗回火能力较强的Mo元素含量,基体回火时,可析出部分回火抗力较高的M_(2)C强化相,整体服役温区提升至≤350℃。第三代渗碳齿轮钢为低碳超高合金钢,借助计算材料学,充分发挥出“二次硬化”强化基体效果,能够在500℃以下温区长期服役。现有合金结构钢体系的强化机制,无法避免500℃以上高温长期服役的强度快速衰减问题,下一代渗碳齿轮材料,将以抗氧化性能优异的铁基合金为基础进行研制。
In this paper,the intergenerational development,component characteristics,and strengthening mechanism of carburized gear materials for aerospace power transmission systems are reviewed.The first-generation carburized gear steel is low-carbon medium/low-alloy steel,and the surface hardening of the carburized layer structure is realized by Fe_(3)C carbides.Due to the low content of alloying elements,the tempering resistance of the first-generation carburized gear steel is poor,and the general service temperature range is within 200℃.Among the first-generation carburized gear steels,the content of carbide-formation elements of16Cr3NiWMoVNbE material is relatively high.This material can be developed for the second-generation carburized gear steel with a wide-range service temperature through the critical saturation carburization process.The second-generation carburized gear steel is a low-carbon medium/high-alloy steel.Some M_(2)C strengthening phases with high tempering resistance can be precipitated during the tempering process by further improving the alloying degree and appropriately increasing the content of Mo element with strong tempering resistance.The overall service temperature range is raised to 350℃.The third-generation carburized gear steel is lowcarbon ultra-high alloy steel,and the“secondary hardening”effect works thoroughly via computational methods.Therefore,the material can be used in a temperature range below 500℃for a long time.The existing alloy structural steel system can not avoid the problem of rapid strength decay after long-term service at high temperatures above 500℃.Therefore,the next-generation carburized gear materials will be developed based on iron-based alloys with excellent oxidation resistance.
作者
郑医
何培刚
李宁
孙振淋
ZHENG Yi;HE Peigang;LI Ning;SUN Zhenlin(AECC Harbin Dongan Engine Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150066,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)
出处
《航空材料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期60-69,共10页
Journal of Aeronautical Materials
基金
黑龙江省杰出青年基金项目(JQ2019E006)。
关键词
齿轮钢
渗碳
二次硬化
沉淀硬化
gear steel
carburization
secondary hardening
precipitation hardening
