摘要
我国空间站已经进入建造阶段,开启了载人航天新征程.根据我国空间站试验任务需求,自主设计研制了空间站核心舱大气密度多向探测器,探测获取空间站运行高度上大气密度的时空分布变化,为空间站的飞控管理、精密定位和分析服务,并积累长期自主探测数据,为地球空间中性环境物理模式和效应研究提供基础数据.本文主要介绍了探测器的探测目标、载荷配置、长寿命设计等情况,同时使用在轨探测初步结果进行了运行轨道上大气密度的变化特性分析,呈现出日侧和夜侧轨道圈上大气密度变化,2021年9月11~14日和11月19~22日空间环境平静期日侧和夜侧的峰谷比在2~3之间;2021年11月4日的较强地磁暴期间实测大气密度峰值增加至1.966倍,而模式值峰值增加至1.483倍,磁暴恢复期模式为6h,而实测数据晚12 h;2022年3月13日的磁暴事件期间,实测大气密度增加至1.424倍,模式值增加至1.250倍,大气密度全球抬升从南半球开始,扩展到北半球,与2021年11月4日扰动源位置相反;统计了2021~2022年期间6次磁暴事件,大气密度抬升比例与磁暴强度、持续时间呈正相关;2021年12月11~31日空间环境平静期,实测值和模式的日均值相对偏差小于10%.实测数据与模式数据相比,增变幅度大、传播范围广、持续时间长、响应更加灵敏.实测数据将为地球空间环境物理与效应研究提供长期自主数据库.
Chinese space station has entered its construction stage,starting a new journey of manned spaceflight.According to the operation requirements of Chinese space station,an atmospheric density multidirectional detector for the core module was independently developed to obtain density changes in spatial and temporal distribution at operating altitude.The detector could provide services of flight control management,precise positioning,and analysis for the space station and accumulate long-term autonomous detection data to provide basis for studying physical models and effects in neutral geospace environments.The atmospheric density detection for the core module of the space station was achieved by two atmospheric density multidirectional detectors that were symmetrically installed,each equipped with sensors in three directions.The basic working principle of the detector is as follows.The in-track gas inflow entered the sensor at high speed.According to the theory of molecular gas dynamics,the atmospheric density could be calculated from the pressure and temperature in the sensor.Furthermore,special techniques,e.g.,nanoscale thermal cathode coating,were used to extend the working life of the detector beyond 15 years.This thesis mainly introduced the scientific objectives,payload configuration,and long-life design.In addition,preliminary results of in-situ detection were used to analyze the variations of atmospheric density on the operating orbit,showing the changes on the dayside and nightside orbits.The dayside and nightside peak-to-valley ratio during the quiet time of the space environment from September 11 to 14 and November 19 to 22,2021,was between 2 and 3.During the strong geomagnetic storm on November 4,2021,the measured peak atmospheric density increased to 1.966 times,whereas the peak model value increased to 1.483 times.The model of the geomagnetic storm recovery period was 6h,while the measured data was 12h later than model.During the geomagnetic storm event on March 13,2022,the measured atmospheric density
作者
李永平
孙越强
张贤国
郑晓亮
艾讲赵
李佳
王玉洁
朱光武
陈光明
Yongping Li;Yueqiang Sun;Xianguo Zhang;Xiaoliang Zheng;Jiangzhao Ai;Jia Li;Yujie Wang;Guangwu Zhu;Guangming Chen(Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory,Beijing 100094,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期128-136,共9页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
中国载人航天工程基金(Y59003AC40)资助。
关键词
空间站
大气密度
空间探测
空间环境
space station
atmospheric density
space exploration
space environment
