摘要
江西南昌海昏侯墓北藏椁出土青铜编钟一套,包括14件钮钟和10件甬钟。部分甬钟上刻有“东道”“西道”铭文,当是指向《尚书大传》等史籍所载的“天子左五钟,右五钟”之制。刘贺墓随葬乐悬乃汉儒取诸先秦古礼与秦仪,以金石之器多面环绕合阴阳动静学说,对天子乐悬之制进行重组与构建的结果。刘贺历经昌邑王、汉废帝、平民和海昏侯的身份转换,曾经使用过皇帝等级的乐悬。刘贺墓随葬乐悬以诸侯王等级的三面轩悬示人,未直接僭用天子四面宫悬的制度,但多达10件的甬钟与“东(西)道”铭文等细节则暗喻其曾经的帝王身份。此外,刘贺祖母家族的音乐传统以及汉宣帝明封暗贬、“以礼绝贺”的态度亦塑造了刘贺墓随葬乐悬的特殊面貌。
A set of hanging bronze chimes,including 14 niu bells and 10 yong bells,was excavated from the tomb of Marquis Liu He of Haihun State.Inscriptions of“Dongdao”and“Xidao”were engraved on some of the yong bells,showing that the hanging chime bells were exclusive to the Emperor.According to historical texts like Commentary on the Book of Documents,the emperor’s ritual was to hang five bells on each side of the left and right.Burial chimes in Liu He’s tomb suggest the reestablishment of musical tradition in the Western Han dynasty,which incorporated the ancient ritual and musical tradition of the Pre-Qin periods and the Qin dynasty.Han Confucian scholars interpreted the set out of hanging chime bells by the principle of yin and yang,motion and motionlessness.Liu went through different identities of the King of Changyi State,the Emperor of the Western Han,the commoner,and the Marquis of Haihun State.It is reasonable to infer that Liu had used the emperor’s music suspensions which were of the highest rank.However,archaeological data of Liu’s tomb reveals that the burial chime bells were placed on three sides following the ritual norm of vassal lords,not usurping the imperial norm of four-sided hanging.Notably,the number of yong bells at Liu’s tomb reaches 10,exceeding the number of 5 at common vassal lords’tombs.Both the inscriptions and the number of yong bells indicate the tomb occupant’s eminent status as a former emperor.Liu’s family tradition as well as Emperor Xuan’s attitude toward Liu may have also contributed to this unique phenomenon.
作者
刘锴云
张闻捷
Liu Kaiyun;Zhang Wenjie
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期24-33,共10页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
海昏侯墓
乐悬制度
编钟
尚书大传
tomb of Marquis of Haihun
Yue Xuan system
chime bells
Shangshu Dazhuan(Commentary on the Book of Documents)
