摘要
目的分析2012—2020年山东省某市中心医院学龄前儿童感染性腹泻病原分布及其流行特征,为开展临床诊治和制定防控方案提供参考依据。方法收集该市中心医院2012—2020年学龄前儿童感染性腹泻门诊患者粪便样本,采用实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)、增菌培养分离纯化、生化鉴定、血清学分型和显微镜镜检5种方法进行3类病毒、9类细菌和3类原虫的病原学检测。结果共报告检出病原体病例3586例,病原体检出率47.83%(3586/7498),检出率逐年上升(χ^(2)_(趋势)=84.23,P<0.01)。男童(45.68%,2105/4608)和女童(51.25%,1481/2890)病原体检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.04,P<0.01);散居儿童(53.71%,3471/6463)和幼托儿童(11.11%,115/1035)病原体检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=648.66,P<0.01)。病例以单一病毒感染为主(87.20%,3127/3586),其次是单一细菌感染(7.56%,271/3586)和混合感染(5.21%,187/3586)。单一病毒感染以轮状病毒(69.99%,2510/3586)和腺病毒(17.15%,615/3586)为主;单一细菌感染以沙门菌(5.94%,213/3586)和大肠埃希菌(1.17%,42/3586)为主;混合感染以轮状病毒+腺病毒为主(4.88%,175/3586)。病毒性腹泻11—12月和1月高发(48.33%,1733/3586),主要病原体是轮状病毒和腺病毒;细菌性腹泻6—10月高发(5.19%,186/3586),主要病原体是沙门菌和大肠埃希菌。病例以散居儿童为主(96.79%,3471/3586),感染病原体主要是轮状病毒(70.27%,2439/3471)和腺病毒(17.29%,600/3471)。结论2012—2020年该地区学龄前儿童感染性腹泻病原体以轮状病毒、腺病毒、沙门菌和大肠埃希菌为主,季节性特征明显,应重视对散居儿童的干预,以降低感染性腹泻发病率。
Objective To understand the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea among preschool children in a central hospital of Shandong Province from 2012 to 2020,and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment,and formulation of control and prevention of the disease.Methods Stool specimens were collected from outpatients with infectious diarrhea among preschool children in the central hospital from 2012 to 2020,and the pathogens of 3 viruses,9 bacteria and 3 protozoa were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)technology,bacterial culture isolation and purification,biochemical identification,serotyping and microscopic examination.Results A total of 3586 cases infected with pathogens were detected.The overall positive rate of pathogens was 47.83%(3586/7498),which increased year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=84.23,P<0.01).A significant difference in pathogen detection rates was observed between boys(45.68%,2105/4608)and girls(51.25%,1481/2890)(χ^(2)=22.04,P<0.01).And a significant difference in pathogen detection rates existed between scattered children(53.71%,3471/6463)and kindergarten children(11.11%,115/1035)(χ^(2)=648.66,P<0.01).Most of the cases were due to a single viral infection(87.20%,3127/3586),followed by a single bacterial infection(7.56%,271/3586)and mixed infections(5.21%,187/3586).Single viral infection was mainly caused by Rotavirus(69.99%,2510/3586),or Adenovirus(17.15%,615/3586).Single bacterial infection was mainly caused by Salmonella(5.94%,213/3586),or Escherichia coli(1.17%,42/3586).The mixed infections were mainly caused by Rotavirus and Adenovirus(4.88%,175/3586).A high incidence of viral diarrhea occurred in November,December and January(48.33%,1733/3586),and the major pathogens were rotavirus and adenovirus.A high incidence of bacterial diarrhea occurred from June to October(5.19%,186/3586),and the major pathogens were Salmonella and Escherichia coli.Most of the cases were scattered ch
作者
马杰
赫宁宁
王君
崔海涛
高海月
官文姣
MA Jie;HE Ning-ning;WANG Jun;CUI Hai-tao;GAO Hai-yue;GUAN Wen-jiao(Clinical Laboratory Department,Qingdao Jiaozhou Central Hospital,Shandong 266300,China)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2022年第12期1153-1158,共6页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
青岛市卫生科研项目(2017-WJZD103)。
关键词
感染性腹泻
病原谱
病毒感染
细菌感染
血清型
儿童
流行特征
门诊病例
Infectious diarrhea
Pathogenic Spectrum
Viral infection
Bacterial infection
Serotype
Children
Epidemiological characteristics
Outpatient cases
