摘要
格拉斯哥气候变化大会批准了《巴黎协定》第六条全球碳市场规则框架,标志着国际气候法律制度进入新阶段,全球气候治理进入“行动转向”的碳中和时代,这一治理特点也得到沙姆沙伊赫气候大会的进一步确认。共同但有区别的责任原则是指引气候行动并实现碳中和目标的核心原则,其发展可归为两个阶段:一是《联合国气候变化框架公约》《京都议定书》下的“南北国家二分法”阶段,二是《巴黎协定》及实施细则下的“国家自主贡献”阶段。为了促进碳中和目标实现,鼓励更多主体参与,共同但有区别的责任原则趋向灵活性、程序性、动态性的同时,也引发了内涵模糊、属性不明、制度缺陷等问题。基于“原则—规则”理论,碳中和时代共同但有区别的责任原则需在人类命运共同体理念指引下重释其内涵,调适其实施标准,建构其保障制度。在此问题上,我国应当推动构建“人与自然生命共同体”理念,坚持捍卫共同但有区别的责任原则及其法律属性,加快《应对气候变化法》的立法进程并完善碳市场规则,助力实现碳中和目标。
The Glasgow Climate Change Conference approved Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on the global carbon market rule framework, marking the basic achievement of the international climate legal system and the entry of global climate governance into a carbon neutral era of“action shift”.The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is the core principle to guide climate action and achieve carbon neutrality.Its development can be classified into two stages: the first is the“North-South dichotomy”under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol,the second stage is the“Nationally Determined Contribution to Emission Reduction”stage under the Paris Agreement and its implementing rules.In order to promote the realization of the carbon neutrality goal and encourage more participants to participate, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities tends to be flexible, procedural, and dynamic, but also leads to implementation difficulties such as ambiguous connotations, unclear attributes, and system defects.Based on the“principle-rule”theory, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the carbon neutral era needs to be reinterpreted under the guidance of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,its implementation standards will be adjusted, and its guarantee system will be constructed.On this issue, we should promote the concept of building a“community of life between man and nature”, insist on defending the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and its legal attributes, speed up the legislative process of the Climate Change Law and improve the rules of the carbon market, so as to jointly help realize the carbon neutrality goals.
作者
曾文革
高颖
Zeng Wenge;Gao ying
出处
《理论月刊》
北大核心
2023年第2期134-143,共10页
Theory Monthly
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“人类命运共同体理念下巴黎协定实施机制构建研究”(20BFX210)
中央高校基本科研业务资助项目(2020CDSKXYFX009)资助。
关键词
碳中和时代
共同但有区别的责任原则
原则—规则理论
适用标准
保障制度
carbon neutrality era
the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities
principle-rule theory
applicable standards
protection system
