摘要
【目的】褪黑素对植物具有多种有益功效,但其化学性质活泼,限制了其在农业生产中的应用。本研究通过包膜技术制备出含褪黑素的尿素缓释功能肥(以下简称功能肥),研究其对番茄生长、产量、品质和磷素利用效率的影响,为褪黑素高效施用和番茄节肥生产提供理论依据。【方法】首先以水泡法研究功能肥中褪黑素的释放速率,然后以穴盘育苗方式研究功能肥对番茄幼苗生长的影响。采用盆栽方式,设置4个处理,分别是施磷(记作+P)和不施磷(记作-P)两个磷处理水平,再分别添加尿素缓释肥(对照,仍记作-P和+P)或功能肥(记作-P+M和+P+M),研究功能肥对植株生长和干物质分配、根系生长、磷素吸收和分配、磷肥利用率、肥料产量贡献率、根系磷酸酶活性、果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】利用褪黑素制备功能肥时存在一定的损耗,包膜后褪黑素的实际含量为包膜时褪黑素总用量的35%。水泡至60 d时,功能肥中褪黑素残余量为6.61%。番茄穴盘育苗中施用功能肥能显著促进幼苗生长,壮苗指数较对照提升70.2%。盆栽试验表明,-P处理下番茄根、茎、叶、果的生物量分别较+P处理下降低了19.64%、18.51%、28.99%和28.73%,根和茎的干物质分配比例增加了10.03%和11.63%,叶和果的干物质分配比例分别减少了2.74%和2.39%。应用功能肥能显著提升两种磷处理条件下所有组织的生物量积累,增加+P条件下根的干物质分配比例达12.14%,降低-P条件下茎和叶的干物质分配比例达6.00%和5.90%,增加9.06%的果干物质分配比例。-P处理降低根系的总长、总表面积和总体积,增加根尖数量,施用功能肥能提高两种磷水平下根系的总长、总表面积、总体积和根尖数量。-P处理显著降低了番茄植株根、茎、叶、果的磷含量,增加根、茎和叶的磷分配比例,减少果的磷分配比例。应用功能肥能显著提升两种P处理条�
【Objective】Melatonin has multiple beneficial effects on plants.However,its active chemical properties limit its application in agricultural production.In this study,urea slow-release functional fertilizer containing melatonin(hereinafter referred to as functional fertilizer)was prepared by coating technology,and its effects on tomato growth,yield,and quality as well as phosphorus use efficiency were studied,so as to provide the theoretical basis for melatonin application with high use efficiency and reducing fertilizer rate on tomato.【Method】The release rate of melatonin in functional fertilizer was studied by water bubble method.Then the effects of melatonin-functional fertilizer on the growth of tomato seedlings were studied by plug seedling.Finally,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of functional fertilizer on plant growth and dry matter distribution,root growth,phosphorus absorption and distribution,phosphorus utilization rate and fertilizer yield contribution rate,root phosphatase activity,and fruit yield and quality.Four treatments were set,namely,phosphorus application(+P),non-phosphorus application(-P),urea slow-release fertilizer and functional fertilizer(-P+M and+P+M).【Result】The real melatonin content after coating was 35%of the total melatonin concentration when coating.When water bubbled to 60 d,the amount of melatonin residue in functional fertilizer was 6.61%.The application of functional fertilizer in conventional tomato seedlings could significantly promote seedling growth,and the seedling index was increased by 70.2%compared with the control.The pot experiment showed that the biomass of tomato roots,stems,leaves and fruits under-P treatment decreased by 19.64%,18.51%,28.99%and 28.73%compared with that under+P treatment,respectively.The dry matter distribution ratios of roots and stems increased by 10.03%and 11.63%,respectively,while the dry matter distribution ratios of leaves and fruits decreased by 2.74%and 2.39%,respectively.The application of functional fertilize
作者
刘明慧
田虹雨
刘之广
巩彪
LIU MingHui;TIAN HongYu;LIU ZhiGuang;GONG Biao(College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong;College of Recourses and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Tai’an 271018,Shandong)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期519-528,共10页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(U1903105)。
关键词
番茄
含褪黑素的尿素缓释功能肥
磷肥处理
生长
产量品质
磷利用率
tomato
urea slow-release functional fertilizer containing melatonin
phosphate fertilizer treatment
growth
yield and quality
phosphorus utilization rate
