摘要
【目的】农牧系统过量投入产生的未利用氮素是地表水体中污染负荷的重要来源之一,量化农业未利用氮素的空间分异特征,为氮素的分区管理,实现流域农业源氮素有效管理提供基础。【方法】以白洋淀流域核心区保定市范围内的农牧系统为研究对象,根据氮素输入、输出量,分析2016年保定市各县(区)种植业、畜牧业以及农牧系统的未利用氮素空间分布情况。种植业的未利用氮量为各输入项(化肥、有机肥、大气干湿沉降、灌溉水、种子、非共生固氮和秸秆还田)与输出项(作物籽粒和秸秆)的差值;畜牧业未利用氮量为养殖粪污产生量与施用量的差值;农牧系统未利用氮量为种植业与畜牧业未利用氮量之和。【结果】(1)保定市各县(区)种植业氮未利用强度在90.27-581.73 kg·hm-2之间,其中定兴县氮未利用强度最小,满城区的氮未利用强度最大;种植业中蔬菜生产是未利用氮贡献最多的产业,占种植业未利用氮量的31.3%,其次是果树(29.0%)、小麦(27.8%)和玉米(11.9%);化肥是种植业未利用氮的主要输入源(占61.8%),其次是有机肥(16.8%)、秸秆还田(8.9%)、大气沉降(5.2%)、灌溉(3.4%)、非共生固氮(3.0%)和种子(0.9%)。(2)各县(区)畜牧业未利用氮水平在0.06万-2.48万t之间,其中徐水区的未利用氮量最大,莲池区的最小。畜牧业中肉牛是未利用氮贡献最多的养殖种类,占未利用氮量的71.0%。(3)农牧系统未利用氮水平在0.43万-4.97万t之间,其中,徐水区的未利用氮量最高。农牧系统中,种植业是未利用氮的主要贡献产业,占农牧系统未利用氮的55.8%。【结论】白洋淀流域核心区保定市各县(区)未利用氮量空间分异显著,其中,徐水区的未利用氮量最高,是竞秀区未利用氮量的10.4倍;对农牧系统未利用氮量贡献最大的是种植业,其中,蔬菜生产是贡献最多的产业。
【Objective】 The nitrogen surplus caused by excessive nitrogen input of crop and livestock production is the major source of pollution load in surface waterbody. The spatial differentiation characteristics of agricultural unused nitrogen were quantified in this study, so as to provide a basis for the zoning management of nitrogen and the effective management of agricultural nitrogen source in the river basin. 【Method】This study was conducted in Baoding, the central area of the Baiyangdian Basin. The nitrogen input and output of the crop and livestock production system were analyzed in all counties of Baoding in 2016.The nitrogen surplus in the crop production system was defined as the differential value between each input item(chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, atmospheric dry and wet settlement, irrigation water, seeds, non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation and straw returning to the field) and the output item(crop grain and straw);the nitrogen surplus in livestock production system was defined as the differential value between the amount of manure and the amount of organic fertilizer;and the nitrogen surplus in the agriculture and animal husbandry was defined as the sum of crop production system and livestock production system.【Result】(1) The level of nitrogen surplus in crop production was ranging from 90.27 to 581.73 kg·hm-2, with the lowest value in Dingxing District and the largest value in Mancheng District. Vegetables contributed to the most nitrogen surplus of crop production(31.3%), following by fruit trees(29.0%), wheat(27.8%), and maize(11.9%). Fertilizer was the primary source of nitrogen surplus(61.8%), following by organic fertilizer(16.8%), straw return to the field(8.9%), atmospheric settlement(5.2%), irrigation(3.4%), non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation(3.0%), and seeds(0.9%).(2) The nitrogen surplus level of livestock production was ranging from 0.06×10~4 t to 2.48×10~4 t with the lowest value in Lianchi District and the highest value in Xushui Distrct. Beef cattle accounted for 71.0%
作者
赵海璇
张亦涛
李文超
马文奇
翟丽梅
居学海
陈涵婷
康锐
孙志梅
习斌
刘宏斌
ZHAO HaiXuan;ZHANG YiTao;LI WenChao;MA WenQi;ZHAI LiMei;JU XueHai;CHEN HanTing;KANG Rui;SUN ZhiMei;XI Bin;LIU HongBin(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment,Baoding 071000,Hebei;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期118-128,共11页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
河北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(BJ2021026)
河北省引进留学人员资助项目(C20200330)
华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室自主课题(NCCIR2021ZZ-20)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0101900)
河北省水环境科学实验室开放课题(HBSHJ202107)。
关键词
白洋淀流域
未利用氮量
种植业
畜牧业
县域
Baiyangdian Basin
nitrogen surplus
crop production system
livestock production system
county level
