摘要
Advanced materials are the material basis for social development.Solid materials have the characteristics of stability,durability,and processability,but it is often difficult for them to have a large-scale and rapid dynamic response[1].Liquid materials are usually smooth,defect-free,and self-healing,with dynamic response and high mass transfer efficiency,but they cannot be self-supporting and are unlikely to be fabricated into fixed shapes themselves[2,3].Liquid-based materials are rising for breaking the limitations of conventional materials.They are composed of solids and liquids,which endows them with the characteristics of both solid and liquid materials and unique advantages in fast dynamic response,soft interface,structural plasticity,etc.[2–6].The solid materials offer frameworks and confinements for stabilizing liquid materials.Based on the structure types,the solid framework in the liquid-based materials can be roughly divided into the non-supporting structure,soft supporting structure,and hard supporting structure,although in some conditions,coupled structure types exist(Figure 1).Various liquids with different properties including waterbased liquids,organic liquids,ionic liquids,liquid metals,and other responsive liquids have been widely used[6–10].
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52025132,21975209,21621091,22021001,22121001)
the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0209500)
the 111 Project(B17027,B16029)
the Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(RD2022070601)。
