摘要
目的了解陕西省生活饮用水中砷、镉和六价铬等10种污染物的污染状况并评估经饮水途径对人体的健康风险,为饮用水的风险管理提供参考依据。方法2019年5—9月对陕西省市政供水水样中砷、镉、六价铬、铅、汞、硒、铜、锌、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳10种污染物进行检测,采用美国环境保护局推荐的健康风险评价模型,对10种污染物引起的健康风险进行评价。结果2019年采集检测水样1620份,砷、六价铬、硒、三氯甲烷超标率分别为0.25%、0.68%、0.12%和0.19%,陕西省居民经口摄入饮用水的非致癌风险值为0.158,处于可接受范围之内。3种污染物的总致癌风险值为2.34×10-5,即有致癌风险;其中砷的致癌风险最高,三氯甲烷和四氯化碳风险值<10-6,认为引起癌症的风险较低。不同水期、水样类型、水处理方式的健康风险水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),丰水期风险值高于枯水期,不同水样类型中镉、六价铬、铅、铜、锌、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳的非致癌风险值比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),三氯甲烷和四氯化碳致癌风险在不同水期间,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),除了砷、汞、硒,其余指标在不同水样类型的风险值比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论陕西省居民在日常饮水中经口摄入暴露于砷、镉和六价铬等10种污染物均存在致癌风险,其中砷致癌风险最大。
Objective To understand the pollution status of 10 kinds of pollutants such as arsenic,cadmium and hexavalent chromium in drinking water of Shaanxi Province,evaluate the health risks to human body through drinking water,and provide scientific basis for risk management of drinking water.Methods From May to September 2019,10 pollutants,including arsenic,cadmium,hexavalent chromium,lead,mercury,selenium,copper,zinc,trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride,were detected in municipal water samples of Shaanxi Province.The health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was used to evaluate the health risk caused by the 10 pollutants.Results In 2019,totally 1620 water samples were collected and tested.The over-standard rate of arsenic,hexavalent chromium,selenium and chloroform was 0.25%,0.68%,0.12%and 0.19%,respectively.The non-carcinogenic risk value of drinking water ingestion by residents in Shaanxi Province was 0.158,which was within the acceptable range.The total carcinogenic risk value of the three pollutants was 2.34×10-5,indicating carcinogenic risk.Among them,arsenic had the highest carcinogenic risk,while the risk value of chloroform and carbon tetracloride was<10-6,which indicated that the risk of causing cancer is low.There were statistically significant differences in the health risk level among different water periods,water sample types and water treatment methods(all P<0.05).The risk value in wet season was higher than that in dry season.There were statistically significant differences in the non-carcinogenic risk value of cadmium,hexavalent chromium,lead,copper,zinc,chloroform and carbon tetrachloride among different water sample types,and there were statistically significant differences in the carcinogenic risk of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride among different water periods(all P<0.05).Except arsenic,mercury and selenium,there were statistically significant differences in the risk value of the rest indicators among different water sample types(all P<0.05
作者
贾茹
郑晶利
孙茜
惠晓芬
雷佩玉
JIA Ru;ZHENG Jing-li;SUN Qian;HUI Xiao-fen;LEI Pei-yu(Environmental Health Research and Evaluation Institute,Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an Shaanxi,710054,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2022年第22期3092-3096,共5页
Occupation and Health
