摘要
【目的】探讨对节白蜡对人居环境空气中常见几种化学污染物的清除效果。【方法】通过盆栽试验研究对节白蜡清除常见挥发性空气污染物效果及其自身的挥发性物质释放情况。【结果】对节白蜡对甲醛、苯和甲苯、氨、臭氧等空气污染物具有良好清除作用。一株株型在(26~38)cm×(36~40)cm的对节白蜡,在0.56~2.22 mg·m^(-3)的甲醛质量浓度范围内,对甲醛的最大清除速率达(65.17±2.80)μg·h^(-1);在1.35 mg·m^(-3)苯和1.09 mg·m^(-3)甲苯的混合污染空气中,对苯和甲苯的清除速率分别达12.37和10.97μg·h^(-1);在含4.34 mg·m^(-3)氨的空气中,对气态氨的清除速率达(296.04±13.07)μg·h^(-1),清除率达97.48%±4.31%以上;促进臭氧分解速率提高45%~100%,半衰期缩短一半。光照和盆土有利于对节白蜡对几种污染物的清除。试验期间,植株形态外观上未观察到肉眼可见的损伤。正常生长状态下,完整叶没有挥发性物质释放,破碎叶在40℃下,可释放叶醇、叶醇乙酸酯、正己醇、乙酸己酯等芳香性物质。【结论】对节白蜡对空气中的臭氧、甲醛、苯和甲苯以及氨等有害物质具有良好的清除作用,自身无有害物质释放,兼具净化空气和美化环境的双重功能。
【Objective】Discussion on the removal effect of Fraxinus hupehensis on several common chemical pollutants in the air of human settlements.【Method】Pot Fraxinus hupehensis were used to study the effect of removing common volatile air pollutants and the release of its own volatile substances.【Result】The results showed that potted Fraxinus hupehensis had a good scavenging effect on air pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene and toluene, ammonia and ozone. In the range of 0.56-2.22 mg·m^(-3)of formaldehyde concentration, the maximum removal rate of Fraxinus hupehensis(size about 30 cm×40 cm)on formaldehyde could reach to(65.17±2.80) μg·h^(-1). The removal rates of benzene and toluene reached 12.37 and 10.97 μg·h^(-1), respectively by Fraxinus hupehensis in the mixed polluted air containing 1.35 mg·m^(-3)benzene and 1.09 mg·m^(-3)toluene. At the concentration of 4.34 mg·m^(-3), the removal rate of gaseous ammonia was(296.04±13.07) μg·h^(-1), and the removal rate was more than 97.48%±4.31%. The rate of ozone decomposition was increased by 45%-100%, and the half-life was shortened by half. Light and potting soil are beneficial to the removal of several pollutants of Fraxinus hupehensis. During the experiment, no visible damage was observed in the morphology and appearance of the plants. Under normal growth conditions, intact leaves did not release volatile substances. Broken leaves could release leaf alcohol, leaf alcohol acetate, n-hexanol, hexyl acetate and other aromatic substances at 40 ℃. 【Conclusion】Fraxinus hupehensis has a good scavenging effect on harmful substances such as ozone, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and ammonia in the air, and no harmful substances are released. It has the dual functions of purifying the air and beautifying the environment.
作者
毛志强
朱竹
杨叁强
茹广欣
于宏
熊燕飞
MAO Zhiqiang;ZHU Zhu;YANG Sanqiang;RU Guangxin;YU Hong;XIONG Yanfei(School of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Zhengzhou Forestry Science and Technology Demonstration Center,Zhengzhou 450040,China)
出处
《河南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第6期1024-1032,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural University
基金
国家林草局生物安全与遗传资源项目(KJZXSA201942)。
关键词
对节白蜡
挥发性污染物
植物修复
叶
挥发组分
Fraxinus hupehensis
volatile pollutants
phytoremediation
leaf
volatile components
