摘要
尝试梳理人文心理学发生的源头,并澄清人文心理学的基本定义。主流心理学遵循科学范式,因而冯特被心理学史尊为现代心理学之父。心理学研究将人的心理物质化、客体化、操作化、片段化,完全排除了人的主体性。然而与冯特同时被称为心理学大师的布伦塔诺,却开创了将人的主体性置于心理学研究中心的人文心理学。他的学生胡塞尔通过建立现象学体系,更是将意识的意向性理论及其预设悬置的方法论推向高潮,从而奠定了后期主体心理学、本质心理学和存在心理学等人文心理学思潮的基础。当下心理学分化为科学心理学和人文心理学。人文心理学虽然尚不能纳入心理学的主流,但它对心理学知识体系建设的贡献不可忽略。
This article attempts to sort out the origins of humanistic psychology and clarify the basic definition of humanistic psychology. Mainstream psychology follows a scientific paradigm, so Wundt has been revered by the history of psychology as the founder of modern psychology. Mind in psychological research with scientific methods such as controlled experiments, numerated measurement has long been materialized, objectivized, manipulated, and fragmentized, while mind as human subjectivity is completely excluded from psychological research. However, Brentano, who was also known as a master of psychology at the same time as Wundt, pioneered humanistic psychology, which placed human subjectivity in the center of psychological research. By establishing a phenomenological system, his students, Husserl, pushed the theory of intentionality of consciousness and its presupposition-suspension methodology to a climax, thus laying the foundation of humanistic psychology such as subjective psychology, ontology psychology and existential psychology in the later period. At present, psychology is divided into branches of scientific psychology and humanistic psychology. Although humanistic psychology cannot yet be incorporated into the mainstream of psychology, its contribution to the construction of psychological knowledge system cannot be ignored.
作者
张建新
ZHANG Jianxin(Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Science,100101 Beijing)
出处
《心理技术与应用》
2023年第1期58-64,共7页
Psychology(Techniques and Applications)
关键词
人文心理学
主体
意识的意向性
预设悬置
humanistic psychology
subjectivity
intentionality of consciousness
presupposition suspension
