摘要
第一代大学生作为我国高校学生的最主要组成部分,是观察和衡量一国教育公平和社会分层的重要标志。基于2017年CHFS数据,通过构建多维数字鸿沟指标,利用Heckman两阶段方法改进了样本选择问题,同时运用Iacobucci中介效应检验方法系统地研究了第一代大学生在劳动力市场上的表现。研究结果发现,相对于非第一代大学生,第一代大学生在劳动力市场上更倾向于选择被雇佣,而进入自雇市场的概率更低,同时第一代大学生更倾向于签订临时合同,且进入公有单位的概率也更低。进一步研究发现,相对于非第一代大学生,第一代大学生不论是在自雇市场还是在雇佣市场上,都存在明显的收入劣势。中介效应检验发现第一代大学生的二级和三级数字鸿沟是导致劳动力市场劣势出现的重要原因,另外第一代大学生数字鸿沟主要通过降低个体社会网络、信息获取、工作效率以及风险偏好抑制了其在劳动力市场上的表现。文章为探究第一代大学生的长期差异、明晰差异产生的原因以及缩小第一代大学生数字鸿沟的政策建议提供了理论依据。
The first generation of college students, as the main group of college students in China, is an important symbol to observe and measure a country’s education fairness and social stratification. Based on the 2017 CHFS data, this paper constructed a multidimensional digital divide indicator, improved sample selection using the Heckman two-stage method, and systematically studied the performance of first-generation college students in the labor market using Iacobucci mediating effect test. The research results show that compared with non-first-generation college students, first-generation college students are more inclined to choose employment in the labor market, and the probability of entering the self-employment market is lower. Meanwhile, first-generation college students are more inclined to sign temporary contracts, and the probability of entering public units is also lower. Furthermore, compared with non-first-generation college students, first-generation college students have obvious income disadvantages both in the self-employment market and the employment market. The mediating effect test shows that the second-level and third-level digital divide among first-generation college students is an important reason for the disadvantage in the labor market. In addition, the digital divide among first-generation college students restrains their performance in the labor market by reducing individual social network, information access, work efficiency and risk preference. The research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for exploring the long-term differences of the first generation of college students, clarifying the path of the differences and making policy suggestions to narrow the digital divide of the first generation of college students.
作者
马良
甘崎旭
蔡晓陈
MA Liang;GAN Qi-xu;CAI Xiao-chen(Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics,Lanzhou 730000,China;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China)
出处
《黑龙江高教研究》
北大核心
2023年第1期121-131,共11页
Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education
基金
浙江省教育科学规划一般课题“新时代大学生创业意向的现状及教育干预策略研究”(编号:2021SCG009)
杭州电子科技大学教育教学改革研究资助项目“‘双万计划’背景下行业特色高校新工科人才的创新创业能力培养研究——以杭州电子科技大学为例”(编号:ZDJG202106)
杭州市哲学社会科学规划课题成果“新时代创业者幸福感的现状评价和提升路径研究——以杭州市为例”(编号:Z21JC097)。
关键词
第一代大学生
数字鸿沟
劳动力市场劣势
the first generation of college students
digital divide
labor market disadvantage
