摘要
采用文献资料法、实验法等对竞走运动员高原训练期间的血细胞变化进行研究分析,旨在为竞走运动员开展不同海拔交替训练以及比赛研究提供参考依据。结论 :(1)竞走运动员RBC、Hb、HCT等指标在返回高原后男运动员2周后即可达到高峰,而女运动员3周后达到最高值,表现出女性适应期更长的性别差异;(2)男女竞走运动员血细胞变化规律与中长跑项目有所不同,与项目特征存在差异以及训练负荷量和负荷强度的安排有关;(3)竞走运动员重返高原后在高原训练初期机体依旧产生了较大刺激,表现为与高原低氧应激反应有关,后期随着对高原环境的适应,血清睾酮逐步提高,CK、BUN等指标无明显变化,表明机体恢复良好。建议:高原运动员应通过适当强度的大负荷训练平原训练(无氧阈强度左右),重点提高平均强度,适当增加无氧训练比重;发展心肺功能,增进运动员对长距离的适应性,为高原大强度训练打下坚实的基础;高原大强度训练主要从比赛的实际出发,最大程度地模拟比赛的强度,提高运动员维持最大摄氧量强度的运动时间和耐乳酸的能力,并重视下肢力量训练以及训练科研监控和医务监督。
By using the methods of literature and experiment,this paper studies and analyzes the changes of blood cells of the athletes in the high altitude race walking events during the high altitude training in order to provide a reference for athletes living in plateau to carry out alternate training at different altitudes and match research.The results showed that:(1) After returning to the plateau,the RBC,HB and HCT value of male race walkers reached the peak,while female reached the peak values after 3 weeks;(2) The blood cells change of male and female race walkers is different from that of middle and long distance running events,which is related to the difference of event characteristics and the arrangement of training load and intensity;(3) after the race walkers returned to the plateau,the body still produced greater stimulation at the early stage of altitude training,which was related to the hypoxia stress response at the plateau,the indexes of CK and Bun had no obvious change,which indicated that the body recovered well.Suggestion:Plateau athletes should train in plain with moderate intensity (about the intensity of anaerobic threshold),increase the average intensity and the proportion of anaerobic training,so as to develop the cardiorespiratory function,in order to improve the adaptability of athletes to long distance and lay a solid foundation for high-intensity training at high altitude,the high-intensity training at high altitude mainly simulates the intensity of the competition to the greatest extent from the reality of the competition,to improve the VO2max time and lactic acid tolerance of athletes,and attach importance to lower limb strength training as well as training research monitoring and medical supervision.
作者
刘海明
祁继良
Liu Haiming;Qi Jiliang(No.1 Sport Training Team of Qinghai,Duoba 811601,Qinghai;Qinghai Institute of Sport Science Co.Ltd,Xining 810000,Qinghai;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810000,Qinghai)
出处
《青海科技》
2022年第6期101-105,共5页
Qinghai Science and Technology
基金
中央引导地方科技发展资金计划项目“高原运动与健康技术分析创新基地建设”(项目编号2023ZY008)。
关键词
高原
竞走运动员
高原训练
血细胞
Altitude
Race walkers
Altitude training
Blood cells
