摘要
“盾”是汉语常用字之一。甲骨文有■,似盾形作“毌”字,其为“盾”之初文。甲骨文又有■,象人持戈盾之形,隶定后作“■”。■金文也作■,与“旱”形近,故■也作“■”。后因世人不识“■”而以“■”为“瞂”,“盾”亦作“瞂”,读如“犮”声。“■”同时又借作“干”。“干”本指“捕猎工具”,引申出“犯”义,而“扞”义实为假借义源于“■”,故“干”也借指“盾”。“毌”“■”“干”同属古音见母。“■”属匣母,音近义通。经过字形演变,金文中有■似人持盾之形,为后世“盾”的直接来源。“盾”属定母而非见、匣,一方面■、■等后起形声字也作舌音;另一方面初文“毌”后表“贯穿”义,而不再作“盾牌”义了。
"Dun(盾)"is one of the frequently-used characters in Chinese.■in Oracle looks like the shape of shield,so it is"Guan(毌)",the first graph of"Dun(盾)".■looks like a man who holds the shield,so it can be"■"in clerical(Li)script.■also can be■,and the shape is similiar to"Han",so it can be"■".However,the later people don't know"■"that time,and consider it as"瞂",so"Dun"can also be written to"■",and get sound of"Ba".At the same time,"■"is equal to"Gan(干)",which refers to the hunting equipment and means invading.The meaning of defensing in"Gan(干)"is loaned from"■".So"Gan(干)"also gets the meaning of"Dun(盾)".All of these characters have the similar sound and the harmony meaning.■in inscriptions on bronze is the origin of"Dun(盾)".The initial consonant of"Dun(盾)"sounds like"Ding"later,one reason is that the■pictophonetic characters■or■read like"Ding".The other is"Guan(毌)"meaning to penetration,but not the shield.
作者
苏栎
SU Li(Chinese Department,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《绵阳师范学院学报》
2023年第1期47-53,共7页
Journal of Mianyang Teachers＇ College
关键词
盾
毌
甲骨文
字形演变
"Dun(盾)"
"Guan(毌)"
Oracle
the evolution of characters
