摘要
为解决民机应急疏散试验过程中,不同类型人员难于组织、成本高昂、可重复性低的问题,采用计算机仿真技术模拟国产支线客机人员疏散试验。首先,根据《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》中对我国居民的体型变化描述,收集整理所需的人员体型数据;然后,确定不同体质指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)人群的反应延迟时间、行走速度,在Pathfinder中构建ARJ21-700客舱人员疏散模型;最后,按照CCAR-25-R4中对人员年龄和性别比例的要求,分别对设计的机上人员肥胖率按比例逐渐增加的5种场景进行疏散仿真。结果表明,相较于场景1中的正常BMI组,当成年组、老年组的BMI为超重肥胖的比例达到报告中的数值时,平均疏散时间为逼近规定阈值的76.91 s,增幅为26.39%,人员的平均堵塞时间也会有较大增加,应引起适航部门和航空公司的重视。
To analyze the impact of overweight and obesity rate on the emergency evacuation test time of Domestic regional passenger aircraft at present,Body Mass Index(BMI),an important index to measure the degree of obesity,was introduced.According to the description of the body shape changes of Chinese residents aged 10-60 in the report on nutrition and chronic diseases of Chinese residents(2020),the personnel on board were divided into three groups:teenagers,adults,and the elderly.Body shape data of the three groups were collected and sorted out.The BMI index of groups was calculated by height and weight,and the response delay time of different BMI groups on board was determined.The walking speed of all types of personnel adopted the measured data by domestic scholars.Based on the determined parameters of the human body and cabin facilities,the cabin evacuation model of ARJ21-700 was built by Pathfinder.According to the proportion requirement of age and gender in CCAR-25-R4,five scenarios were designed in which the obesity rate of on-board personnel increased proportionally.In the model,90 s evacuation simulations of these five scenarios were carried out 20 times.The results showed that:compared with the normal BMI group in scenario 1,If we only increased the rate of overweight and obesity in the adult group,the impact on the evacuation time was slight.However,when the number of overweight and obese passengers in the adult and elderly groups reached the proportion in the report,the action of these groups had a significant negative effect on the evacuation efficiency.The average evacuation time was 76.91 s approaching the prescribed threshold,with an increase of 26.39%.The average congestion time also increased greatly.These results should arouse the attention of airworthiness departments and airline companies,and obese groups should be given reasonable seat allocation and evacuation assistance.
作者
杜红兵
胡辉
张世博
杜晖
DU Hong-bing;HU Hui;ZHANG Shi-bo;DU Hui(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期3326-3332,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
安全工程
应急疏散
民机客舱
体质指数
safety engineering
emergency evacuation
civil aircraft cabin
Body Mass Index(BMI)
Pathfinder
simulation
