摘要
钴是我国战略性关键金属,对外依存度达95%.我国众多斑岩-矽卡岩型系统中伴生钴,且是我国钴资源的一个重要来源.目前认为,斑岩-矽卡岩型系统成矿物质和成矿流体均主要来自深部岩浆房,指示斑岩型矿床可能同样存在富钴的潜力.然而,目前国内外尚无典型斑岩型富钴矿床的明确报道,严重制约了我们对岩浆热液型富钴矿床,尤其是斑岩型矿床中的钴富集机理研究.黑龙江金厂大型金铜矿床,矿石类型分为角砾岩型、裂控型和细脉浸染型,为斑岩型金铜矿床.多种年代学方法揭示,金铜矿化发生于早白垩世,形成于(古)太平洋板块俯冲背景.初步研究发现,金厂矿床角砾岩筒中存在明显的钴富集,大量矿石样品中钴含量达到了0.06%以上,达到并超过了钴矿工业品位,发育钴的独立矿物(如硫镍钴矿和辉砷钴矿),同时黄铁矿也含有较高的钴含量(0.04%~0.2%),因而金厂是典型富钴斑岩型金铜矿床,证实俯冲期斑岩型矿床中存在钴矿化和富集的潜力.后续研究应尽快厘清金厂斑岩型富钴矿床中钴的赋存状态和分布特征,明确幔源岩浆对矿床中金铜钴等金属元素的富集具有贡献,揭示钴在中高温岩浆热液流体中的迁移行为,探讨钴沉淀的主控因素.据此提出,应重视我国斑岩型矿床中钴的富集程度,其中斑岩型金铜矿床是最有可能形成钴富集和矿化的斑岩型矿床.
Cobalt is a strategic critical metal and China relies on foreign sources for 95%of its cobalt supply.With the promotion of new energy vehicles and the application of cobalt in power batteries,it is predicted that the consumption of cobalt in 2025 and 2035 will be twice and five times that of today.At present,most of cobalt resources in the world are provided by two types of deposits:Sediment-hosted stratiform copper-cobalt deposits and nickel-cobalt laterite deposits,accounting for about 80%of the terrestrial cobalt resources.China lacks these two types of deposits.The main types of deposits that produce cobalt resources in China are magmatic sulfide copper-nickel deposits and hydrothermal cobalt-bearing deposits(including skarn deposit,volcanic massive sulfides deposit and metasedimentary rocks hosted deposit,etc.).Cobalt is enriched in many skarn deposits related to intermediate rock.Some cobalt-rich skarn deposits are considered to be porphyry-skarn composite deposits.It is generally believed that most ore-forming metals and fluids related to porphyryskarn systems were derived from deep magma chambers.Therefore,porphyry deposits closely related to skarn deposits may also have the potential to be rich in cobalt.To date,a“typical”cobalt-rich porphyry deposit has not been discovered,hampering study of cobalt enrichment mechanisms in magmatic hydrothermal or porphyry systems.However,the Jinchang gold-copper deposit,Heilongjiang Province,is a large-scale porphyry gold deposit comprising breccia,fracture-controlled,and veinlet disseminated ore features with clear cobalt enrichment in the breccia(Co content>0.01wt%).By estimating the proportion of cobalt minerals in sample and the cobalt content in cobalt minerals,the cobalt content of the ore can be calculated as approximately 0.08%.The content of cobalt in massive copper ore(Cu content>15wt%)and disseminated copper ore(Cu content<5wt%)was measured respectively.The average cobalt content of the two types of samples was 0.072wt%±0.028wt%(1σ,n=8)and 0.054wt%±0.
作者
曹明坚
单鹏飞
秦克章
Mingjian Cao;Pengfei Shan;Kezhang Qin(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Innovation Academy for Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第31期3708-3723,共16页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(42122013,92162102,92162323)
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018086)资助。
关键词
热液型富钴矿床
斑岩型矿床
关键金属
金厂金铜矿
硫镍钴矿
hydrothermal cobalt-bearing deposit
porphyry deposit
strategic critical metal
Jinchang Au-Cu deposit
siegenite
