摘要
百年变局叠加世纪疫情、地缘冲突、气候变化等多重因素,导致全球粮食安全形势不容乐观,并对中国粮食安全产生传导效应,带来了不少风险和挑战。在中国粮食自给率和种植效益持续下滑、产需错配结构性矛盾深化、区域产销失衡等不利形势下,中国利用外部粮源的风险加剧,导致国内农资价格上涨,对国内粮价稳定构成挑战。在此背景下,保障中国粮食安全,必须坚守底线、拓宽渠道、立足国内、突破国际制约,增强粮食系统韧性。建议尽快实施饲料粮发展战略、国家战略性粮食安全力量建设战略、生物育种科技创新和产业化战略、水土资源“长牙齿”的强管控战略、国家粮食安全风险管控体系建设战略,并从拓展粮食产量发展潜力、优化调整粮食结构和区域布局、促进粮食“三量齐升”、推动“三个突出”扶持生产政策、完善粮食生产奖励和财政奖补机制等方面制定“大国粮策”。
The world is experiencing profound changes unseen in a century,and multiple crises such as the epidemic,geopolitical conflicts,and climate change are breaking out at the same time,which has led to serious food insecurity around the world,and then having a transmission effect and risk challenge to China’s food security.Under the unfavorable circumstances as China’s grain self-sufficiency rate and planting efficiency continued to decline,the structural contradiction of the mismatch between production and demand deepened,and regional production and sales imbalances,etc.These challenges have exacerbated the risk of China’s imported food,transmitted the rising price of domestic agricultural materials,and posed a challenge to the stability of domestic food prices.In this context,to safeguard China’s food strategy,we must stick to the bottom line,expand channels,seize the main attack,break through the constraints of international rules,and enhance the resilience of the food system.It is recommended to implement five strategies,including accelerating the coordinated development of soybeans and corn,building national strategic food security forces,technological innovation and industrialization of biological breeding,hard measures to"grow teeth"in water and soil resources,and building a national food security risk management and control system.And formulate policy suggestions from the aspects of expanding the development potential of grain production,optimizing and adjusting the grain structure and regional distribution,promoting the"three volumes"of grain,promoting the"three outstanding"policies to support production,and improving the grain production incentive and financial incentive mechanism.
作者
王晓君
何龙娟
王国刚
WANG Xiao-jun;HE Long-juan;WANG Guo-gang
出处
《改革》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期66-77,共12页
Reform
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“转基因大豆产业化的经济效益评估研究”(1610052022022)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“耕地—技术—政策融合视角下的‘两藏’战略研究”(21ZDA056)
国家自然科学基金项目“农业经营主体分化对粮食生产能力的影响机理研究”(41401203)。
关键词
粮食安全形势
粮食安全风险
粮食生产
food security situation
food security risks
food production
