摘要
近年来,摄影测量技术发展迅速,利用该技术大量生产的实景三维模型在各个领域被灵活应用,通过无人机倾斜摄影生产更精细的模型以便取代繁重的外业工作迫在眉睫。笔者介绍了无人机倾斜摄影测量技术及相关的关键技术,详细阐述了对采集影像数据的处理流程以及利用影像数据进行三维建模的技术流程。首先,采集外业数据,先根据实地踏勘布设像控点,并使用GPS-RTK技术获取像控点及检查点坐标,然后进行高重叠率的影像数据采集,在这个过程中,需要根据无人机传感器的特点,对兴趣点进行设计并规划无人机飞行的航线。其次,使用校检合格的影像数据建立三维可量测模型,并对模型出现变形和空洞的部分,尤其是水面变形部分利用软件自带的约束工具进行修复。最后,通过对测量实地点坐标和模型对应量测坐标进行对比,分析模型精度。结果表明,经过修复得到的实景三维模型精度可靠,平面和高程精度均符合要求。
Photogrammetry technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and the large-scale production of real-life 3D models using this technology is being flexibly applied in various fields, and it is imperative to produce finer models through drone tilt photography to replace heavy field work. The author introduces the oblique photogrammetry technology of UAV and the related key technologies involved, and elaborates the processing process of the collected image data and the technical process of using the image data for three-dimensional modeling. First of all, the collection of field data, first according to the field survey layout of the image control point, and the use of GPS-RTK technology for the acquisition of image control point and checkpoint coordinates,and then carry out high overlap rate of image data collection, in this process, according to the characteristics of the UAV sensor,the point of interest is designed and the route of the UAV flight is planned. After that, the 3D measurable model is established using the image data that passes the calibration, and the parts of the model that appear deformed and hollow, especially the deformation part of the water surface, are repaired by using the software’s own constraint tools. Finally, the accuracy of the model is analyzed by comparing the measured real site coordinates with the corresponding measurement coordinates of the model. The results show that the restored 3D model of the real scene is reliable in accuracy, and the plane and elevation accuracy meet the requirements.
作者
乔盛琪
Qiao Shengqi(School of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Hebei Tangshan 063210)
出处
《南方农机》
2023年第3期130-133,140,共5页
