摘要
清代滇盐产销布局由生产布局、划界行盐制度下国家构建的销售布局以及市场机制主导的销售布局构成,三者关系复杂且变迁频繁。滇盐产销布局在明代初具规模,雍正时期为解决盐政之弊,国家进行土井归公与取盈补拙的调整,奠定了清中后期滇盐产销的基本格局。乾隆时期食盐供应不足,官府广觅子井、借销邻盐和调适销售布局,形成了多处滇盐混销区,导致滇盐销区的盈缩。嘉庆时期民运民销制度实施后,市场机制下的产销布局占据主导,但市场竞争不利于盐课完纳,政府不得不重新实施划界行盐制度,构建界限有别的产销布局。受咸同战乱影响,清后期滇盐产销布局亦经历了无序运作与恢复的过程。滇盐生产布局变迁主要受市场需求以及国家盐政运作的影响,自雍正时期形成后就保持着稳定;销售布局则受生产布局、市场机制、盐政制度影响,不同时期各有差异。通过考察清代滇盐产销布局的变迁与划界行盐制度的废立,能揭示清代云南盐政运作中市场机制和国家调控的互动关系。
The overall production and marketing layout of Yunnan Salt in the Qing dynasty was composed of the following three parts:salt production,the salt marketing under the official division and the salt marketing dominated by the market mechanism.The relationship among the three was complex and changed frequently.The layout of Yunnan Salt production and marketing in the Ming dynasty began to take shape during the Yongzheng period.In order to solve the problems of salt administration,Yunnan carried out the nationalization of private salt-producing wells and took surplus to make up for deficiency which helped form the basic pattern of salt production and sales in Yunnan in the middle and late Qing dynasty.During the Qianlong period,there was not enough salt.The local government widely sought salt-producing wells,sold salt produced in its neighboring places and adjusted the marketing plan,which led to different places’selling Yunnan Salt and the changes in the Yunnan-salt-selling areas.After the implementation of the policy of private salt transport and marketing during the Jiaqing period,the marketing pattern under the market mechanism was dominant.However,because the market competition was not conducive to the efficient salt tax,the government had to resume the official division of the salt-trading and form a production and marketing layout with different boundaries.Affected by the turbulence of wars in the Xianfeng-Tongzhi period,the production and marketing layout of Yunnan Salt in the late Qing dynasty also experienced both the market disorder and reconstruction.The changes in the layout of Yunnan Salt production were mainly affected by market demand and the implementation of the national salt policy,but its basic layout remained fairly stable since its formation in the Yongzheng period.The pattern of Yunnan Salt trading was affected by its production layout,the market mechanism and the salt policy,which varied in different periods.The study of the changes in the distribution of salt production and marketing in Yun
作者
马琦
张学聪
MA Qi;ZHANG Xue-cong(Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)
出处
《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第1期48-59,共12页
The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社科基金重大历史问题研究专项“中国古代边疆治理的实践及得失研究”(项目号:22VLS010)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
滇盐
产销布局
国家调控
市场机制
Yunnan Salt
production and marketing layout
state regulation
market mechanism
