摘要
【目的】催芽肥和促苗肥的合理施用是保障再生稻高产优质的重要途径,明确再生稻氮肥运筹方式及催芽氮肥适宜用量,对提高再生稻产量和氮肥利用率、优化再生稻米品质具有重要意义。【方法】本研究采用多年田间试验,以深两优5814为材料,设置5个再生季氮肥(N)处理:不施氮肥(N_(0-0));催芽肥60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(60-0))、促苗肥60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0-60))、催芽肥和促苗肥各60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(60-60))、催芽肥和促苗肥分别为120、60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(120-60))。【结果】3年试验产量存在较大差异,但同一年份的再生稻施氮处理均显示了显著的增产效果,N_(60-0)、N_(0-60)和N_(60-60)处理分别较N_(0-0)平均增产35.8%、40.9%和67.4%。催芽肥和促苗肥配施通过提高有效穗数和每穗粒数进一步提高再生稻产量。随催芽氮肥用量的增加,产量呈先升高后平台的趋势。适宜的催芽氮肥用量和促苗肥配施促进了再生芽的萌发、形成和生长发育,显著增加了倒2节和倒3节(尤其是倒3节)的有效穗数和每穗粒数。养分吸收积累研究结果显示,随着氮肥用量的增加,再生稻地上部氮素积累量显著提高。与N_(0-0)处理相比,N_(60-0)、N_(0-60)、N_(60-60)和N_(120-60)处理氮素积累量分别平均增加51.31%、57.70%、91.33%和124.53%,但氮肥利用率则呈下降的趋势。品质分析结果显示,随着氮肥用量的增加,再生稻米的加工品质、外观品质、直链淀粉含量先提升后下降,蛋白质含量则呈逐渐增加的趋势。催芽肥和促苗肥配施且用量适宜(N_(60-60))时,再生稻米的加工品质、外观品质等较其他处理为最优。与N_(0-0)处理相比,N_(60-60)处理的糙米率、精米率和整精米率分别增加2.7%、1.3%和6.7%;垩白度和垩白粒率分别降低13.8%和22.6%。而催芽氮肥用量进一步增加(N_(120-60))时,稻米的加工品质和外观品质又有所下降,以其整精米率下降、垩白粒率增加最为显著。【结
【Objectives】The rational application of bud-promoting fertilizer and seedling promoting fertilizer is an important way to ensure the optimum yield and quality in rice ratoon season.It is of great significance to clarify the reasonable nitrogen management mode and the rate of germination promoting nitrogen fertilizer in ratoon season to improve the yield and optimize the quality of ratoon rice.【Methods】In this study,a multi-year field experiment was conducted with Shenliangyou 5814 cultivar.Five nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up no nitrogen fertilizer(N_(0-0))in the regenerative season;bud-promoting N 60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(60-0));seedling-promoting N60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0-60));bud-and seedling-promoting N 60 kg/hm^(2) each(N_(60-60));bud-promoting N 120 kg/hm^(2) and seedling-promoting N 60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(120-60)).The nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the regenerative season.The growth,yield and yield components of ratoon rice were investigated.【Results】Although there were large variations in the yields of the three-year trials,the nitrogen application treatments in the same year could significantly improve the yield of ratoon rice.Compared with N_(0-0) treatment,N_(60-0),N_(0-60),and N_(60-60) treatments increased production by 35.8%,40.9%,and 67.4%,respectively.The combined application of bud-promoting fertilizer and seedling-promoting fertilizer further increased the yield of ratoon rice by increasing the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate,the yield increased firstly and then became stable.The suitable combination of bud-promoting fertilizer and seedlingpromoting fertilizer promoted the germination,formation,growth,and development of regenerated buds,and significantly increased the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle at 2nd and 3rd nodes(especially 3rd nodes).Further,with increasing nitrogen application rate,nitrogen uptake in shoot of ratoon rice increased significantly.Compared with N_(0-0) treatment,N_(60-0),N
作者
苏素苗
戴志刚
王敏羽
王森
王志宾
余德芳
李旭春
李小坤
SU Su-miao;DAI Zhi-gang;WANG Min-yu;WANG Sen;WANG Zhi-bin;YU De-fang;LI Xu-chun;LI Xiao-kun(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Hubei Engineering Research Center for Ratooning Rice Production and Industrialization Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Hubei Provincial General Station of Arable Land Quality and Fertilizer,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Hubei Provincial Xiaogan City Xiaonan District Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Xiaogan,Hubei 432100,China;Hubei Provincial Jingmen Agricultural Technology Promotion Centre,Jingmen,Hubei 448000,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期2172-2184,共13页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901200)
湖北省水稻“三优”科技创新行动项目。
关键词
氮肥运筹
再生稻
催芽肥
促苗肥
产量
品质
nitrogen fertilizer management
ratoon rice
bud-promoting fertilizer
seedling-promoting fertilizer
yield
quality
