摘要
拟赤梢鱼(Pseudaspius leptocephalus)是黑龙江流域的特有鱼类物种。为了促进中国农业种质资源保护与利用研究的不断深入,根据近年来的鱼类资源调查结果和相关文献资料,总结了拟赤梢鱼的生物学和资源学特点,探讨了拟赤梢鱼资源保护和种质资源持续健康发展的途径。研究结果表明,拟赤梢鱼具有资源量少、生长缓慢、性成熟较晚、繁殖期短和绝对怀卵量低等生物学特点,其资源一旦遭到破坏,种群数量的恢复极为缓慢;拟赤梢鱼的栖息环境为偏冷的河流和湖泊,主要分布于黑龙江、松花江、嫩江、乌苏里江、牡丹江、呼玛河、额尔古纳河等江河的干流和支流中,以及其流域内的呼伦湖、镜泊湖、兴凯湖和五大连池等湖泊中;2000年以来,在河流中,还有拟赤梢鱼的记录,在湖泊中已经极少见到拟赤梢鱼;在黑龙江中游、上游和额尔古纳河中,还有一定数量的拟赤梢鱼,在其它河流中只是偶尔能见到拟赤梢鱼,该物种已处于濒危的状态。建议将拟赤梢鱼作为中国濒危珍稀动物加以保护,并加强其栖息地的保护和生态修复。
Pseudaspius leptocephalus is a unique fish species in the Heilongjiang River Basin. In order to promote the continuous deepening of research on the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in China, this paper summarized the biological and resource characteristics of Pseudaspius leptocephalus, and discussed the ways for the sustainable and healthy development of germplasm resources of Pseudaspius leptocephalus. The results showed that Pseudaspius leptocephalus had biological characteristics such as low resources, slow growth, late sexual maturity, short reproductive period, and low absolute brood amounts, which has led to the extremely slow recovery of the population of Pseudaspius leptocephalus once its resources are destroyed. The habitat of Pseudaspius leptocephalus is cold rivers and lakes, mainly distributed in the main streams and tributaries of Heilongjiang River, Songhua River, Nen River, Wusuli River, Mudan River, Huma River, Erguna River and other rivers, as well as Hulun Lake, Jingbo Lake, Xingkai Lake, Five Connected Lakes and other lakes in their watershed. Since 2000, Pseudaspius leptocephalus still could be recorded in the rivers, while they were rarely recorded in the lakes. At present, there are still some Pseudaspius leptocephalus in Erguna River and the middle, upper reaches of Heilongjiang River, but they could only be seen in other rivers occasionally. Pseudaspius leptocephalus is already in an endangered state, it is recommended to protect the Pseudaspius leptocephalus as an endangered and rare animal in China, and strengthen the protection and ecological restoration of its habitat.
作者
徐伟
耿龙武
尚信池
金宏宇
李雷
马波
魏海军
丛艳锋
XU Wei;GENG Longwu;SHANG Xinchi;JIN Hongyu;LI Lei;MA Bo;WEI Haijun;CONG Yanfeng(Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150070,Heilongjiang,P.R.China;Duerbote Fisheries Technology Extension Station of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing 166299,Heilongjiang,P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期762-767,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
农业财政专项经费项目“东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900402和2019YFD0900404)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD56)资助。
关键词
拟赤梢鱼
生物学特征
分布
资源
保护
Pseudaspius leptocephalus
biological characteristics
distribution
resources
conservation
