摘要
开发新型环境净化材料为解决当前环境污染问题和实现可持续发展提供了一个新的可行性方案。近年来,SiO_(2)气凝胶由于具有独特的三维纳米多孔结构,在隔热保温、油水分离、吸附催化等领域具有极大的应用价值。在吸附应用方面,SiO_(2)气凝胶因其固有的高孔隙率、轻量化、高吸附作用和表面易改性的特点,成为一种极具潜力的新型环境净化材料。然而纯的SiO_(2)气凝胶的吸附性能源于高孔隙结构毛细管作用,而不能对吸附质实现针对性吸收。得益于SiO_(2)气凝胶表面丰富的羟基,使其拥有进一步可表面改性的能力,这是其最大的优势。对SiO_(2)气凝胶进行表面功能化结构设计可实现针对污染物分子的选择性和特异性吸附。本文首先介绍了SiO_(2)气凝胶的特性及吸附机理,然后根据吸附对象的不同分类,主要从含油污水分离净化、有毒工业污水处理两个污染治理应用方面介绍了SiO_(2)气凝胶及其复合材料在水体污染物吸附消除方向的研究发展现状,着重讨论了功能化基团对污染物吸附作用的影响,总结了SiO_(2)气凝胶在环境保护领域的复合改进方法,最后对其未来在吸附应用方面的深入研究进行了展望。
The development of new environmental purification materials provides a new feasible solution for solving current environmental pollution problems and achieving sustainable development.Due to the unique three-dimensional nanoporous structure,SiO_(2)aerogel has great application value in thermal insulation,oil-water separation,adsorption catalysis and other fields.In terms of adsorption applications,SiO_(2)aerogel has become a promising new environmental purification material due to its inherent characteristics of high porosity,light weight,high adsorption and easy surface modification.However,the adsorption performance of pure SiO_(2)aerogel stems from the capillary action of high pore structure,and cannot achieve targeted absorption of adsorbate.Benefiting from the abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface of SiO_(2)aerogels,it has the ability to further surface-modifiable,which is its greatest advantage.The surface functionalized structure design of SiO_(2)aerogel can achieve selective and specific adsorption of pollutant molecules.In this paper,the characteristics and adsorption mechanism of SiO_(2)aerogel are first introduced.Then,according to the different classification of adsorption objects,this paper mainly introduces the research and development status of SiO_(2)aerogel and its composite materials in the direction of adsorption and elimination of water pollutants from two aspects,separation and purification of oily sewage and toxic industrial wastewater treatment.The effect of functional groups on adsorption of pollutants is discussed emphatically and the composite improvement method of SiO_(2)aerogel in the field of environmental protection is summarized.In addition,future in-depth research on adsorption applications is prospected.
作者
甘智聪
赵爽
李昆锋
费志方
李肖华
张震
张鹏
武晨浩
杨自春
GAN Zhicong;ZHAO Shuang;LI Kunfeng;FEI Zhifang;LI Xiaohua;ZHANG Zhen;ZHANG Peng;WU Chenhao;YANG Zichun(School of Power Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S02期32-39,共8页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(51802347)。
关键词
二氧化硅气凝胶
纳米材料
吸附应用
功能化基团
改性
特异性吸附
silica aerogel
nanomaterials
adsorption application
functional group
modification
specific adsorption
