摘要
对“人民”的看法和态度是政治学说根本问题之一。以韩非子为代表的早期法家人民观不否认人民是国家之“本”,但同时视人民为治理对象,而非政治主体。韩非子认为人民总体上具有趋利避害、易于服从权威、易受煽动等群体特征;为了对人民进行有效治理,必须对这种人之情、民之性有客观清醒的认识。法家以严刑峻法为主要内容的法治措施正是针对人民的上述特征制定的。从主观上来说,韩非子认为这些措施是符合人民的长远利益的。韩非子认为统治者应当重视民心向背问题,以法律为准绳控制民间舆论,对人民进行法治教育和行为引导,同时认为“民智不可用”,在实施重大变法革新时不可被民众一时的意见所左右。韩非子的人民观适应了特定历史发展阶段的政治要求,同时也具有明显的思想局限性。
The view and attitude towards “people” is one of the fundamental problems of political theory. The early legalist view of the people represented by Han Feizi did not deny that the people are the “foundation” of a country, but at the same time regarded the people as the object of political governance rather than the subject of politics. Han Feizi believed that, on the whole, people have the characteristics of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, easy to obey authority and easy to be incited, etc. The legal measures with severe punishment and severe law as the main content are aimed at the above-mentioned characteristics of the people. Subjectively, Han Feizi believed that these measures were in line with the long-term interests of the people. He believed that the ruler should pay attention to the problem of the popular sentiment, control the public opinion with the law as the criterion, educate the people on the rule of law, and guide their behavior. At the same time, he believed that “the mentality of the people is not useful”, and the rulers should not be influenced by the people’s temporary opinions in the implementation of major reform. Han Feizi’s view of people adapted to the political requirements of the specific stage of social development of his time, but also had obvious historical limitations.
作者
徐克谦
XU Ke-qian(School of Literature,Journalism and Communications,Sanjiang College,Nanjing 210012,China)
出处
《江苏行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期29-36,共8页
The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute
关键词
韩非子
法家
人民观
民本
民心
民智
Han Feizi
Legalism
view on people
people as the foundation
people’s will
people’s mentality
