摘要
根据2018年1—4月和8—12月在北部湾采集的248尾日本金线鱼(Nemipterus japonicus)样品,采用传统胃含物分析法和碳氮稳定同位素技术研究其摄食生态。结果显示,日本金线鱼为广食性底栖肉食性动物,摄食饵料生物包括8个类群,鱼类和虾类是优势饵料类群,相对重要指数占比为92.92%。日本金线鱼四季均大量摄食鱼类,另外,在春季兼食虾类,夏季兼食蟹类,秋季兼食虾类和多毛类,冬季兼食虾类和星虫类;随着体长增加,日本金线鱼由摄食虾类和鱼类为主逐渐转变为摄食鱼类为主,摄食转变体长节点为130 mm。摄食强度存在明显的季节变化,秋季最高,春季和夏季次之,冬季最低。日本金线鱼摄食饵料种类多样性较高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)为1.77,Pielou均匀度指数(J’)为0.64,从春季到冬季,H’值和J’值随季节先升高后降低,秋季最高;H’和J’随体长呈增加趋势,体长≥160mm群体的摄食生态位宽度最大。在同位素分析方面,δ^(13)C值范围为–18.25‰~–15.39‰,极差为2.86‰;δ^(15)N值范围为13.01‰~17.24‰,极差为4.23‰;北部湾日本金线鱼的营养级范围为3.21~4.46,平均营养级为3.97,随着体长的增加,营养级逐渐升高。核心生态位(SEA)在4个季节虽有不同程度的重叠,但总生态位(TA)存在明显季节差异,表明对饵料的利用存在一定的相似,也存在特定的差异,有利于缓解该鱼种对优势饵料的季节性压力。不同大小的群体间SEA的重叠率较高,表明不同生长阶段营养来源成分相似,但不同大小的群体间TA差异较为明显,推测日本金线鱼通过生态位分化减轻种内的食物竞争压力。
The Beibu Gulf is the fourth largest Chinese fishing ground, with rich fishery resources and a significant role in marine fishery production. The feeding ecology of fish is important to explain the structure and function of marine ecosystems. As one of the most important fish species in the Beibu Gulf, Nemipterus japonicus plays an essential role in energy flow and other aspects of the marine ecosystem. Understanding its feeding ecology could provide a basic theoretical basis for the rational utilization and protection of this resource. A total of 248 N. japonicus specimens were collected from Beibu Gulf from January to April and August to December in 2018. The food content composition, feeding intensity, and feeding niche of N. japonicus were analyzed using stomach contents to reflect feeding habits. Combined with carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, the food source and trophic structure characteristics were analyzed, the trophic level was determined, and the feeding ecology of N. japonicus in the Beibu Gulf was discussed. The stomach content analysis revealed that N. japonicus is a broad-feeding benthic carnivore, which feeds on a large number of species, including eight prey groups, including fish, shrimp, and crab, among which fish and shrimp are the dominant food groups, with a relative importance index of 92.92%. The proportion of food species varied with the season and growth. Fish were an important prey group across all seasons. Moreover, N. japonicus preyed on shrimp in spring, crab in summer, shrimp and polychaetes in autumn, and shrimp and sipunculoidea in winter. With an increase in body length, the feeding habits of N. japonicus gradually change from primarily feeding on shrimp and fish to mainly feeding on fish, and the body length node of feeding transition was approximately 130 mm. There were clear seasonal variations in feeding intensity, with the highest intensity in autumn, followed by that in spring and summer, and the lowest in winter. N. japonicus had a high prey diversity;the Shannon-Wiener
作者
王锦溪
罗孔兰
范瀛方
邓裕坚
何雄波
颜云榕
WANG Jinxi;LUO Konglan;FAN Yingfang;DENG Yujian;HE Xiongbo;YAN Yunrong(College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524088,China;Marine Resources Big Data Center of South China Sea,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang),Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524013,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Far Sea Fisheries Management and Fishing of South China Sea,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524088,China)
出处
《渔业科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期47-57,共11页
Progress in Fishery Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U20A2087)
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)资助项目(ZJW-2019-08)
广东省科技计划项目(2018B030320006)共同资助。
关键词
北部湾
日本金线鱼
摄食习性
碳氮稳定同位素
营养级
Beibu Gulf
Nemipterus japonicus
Feeding habit
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes
Trophic level
