摘要
王后参政频现是托勒密埃及政治的重要特征。这一现象的出现尽管与法老时期王后参政的传统密切相关,但王位继承制度由父子共治向国王、王后共治的转变是促使其不断发展的根本动因。托勒密埃及的国王、王后共治大致经历了“名义共治”“平等共治”及王后对国王权威的“超越”三个阶段,他们在共治中多表现为夫妻共治,但也存在母子共治和特殊背景下的三人共治。王后获得王位继承权后,其权威虽不断提高,但并非直线上升,这多取决于她们自身的年龄、政治经验等因素。即使王后凌驾于国王之上或暂时独掌政权,但臣民依然坚守的是国王、王后共治,并不认同其长期的单一统治。从文明交往的角度而言,一向反对女性参政的王国统治者希腊—马其顿人对这一统治模式的接受与认同,间接反映了他们自身的埃及化。
The participation of the queen is an important feature of Ptolemaic Egyptian politics.Although it is related to the tradition of queen’s participation during the Pharaoh period,the transformation of the throne succession system is the fundamental motivation,that is,the evolution from“co-rule by father and son”to“co-rule by king and queen”.The co-governance of the kings and queens in Ptolemaic Egypt experienced three stages:“nominal co-governance”,“equal co-governance”and the queen’s authority over the king.In co-governance,they were mostly manifested as husband-wife tandem,but there were also mother-son tandem and three-person co-governance.After the queen had the right to inherit the throne,although the authority of her continues to improve,it does not rise in a straight line,but depends on her age and political experience.Even if the queen is above the king or temporarily alone in power,the subjects still insisted on the joint rule of king and queen and do not agree with her long-term single rule.From the perspective of civilized communication,the Greek-Macedonian rulers always opposed woman’s participation in politics and accepted the co-regent of king and queen,which reflected their own Egyptianization.
作者
孟凡青
MENG Fan-qing(School of History and Culture,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan,453007,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期120-131,共12页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“希腊化时期王室女性参政现象研究”(20FSSB006)
中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“托勒密埃及王后参政与国家治理研究”(2021T140107)。
关键词
托勒密埃及
王后参政
共治
王位继承
Ptolemaic Egypt
queen’s participation in politics
co-rule
succession to the throne
