摘要
为研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)–鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)–鲫(Carassius carassius)零换水池塘营养盐收支状况,阐明其零换水机制,以草鱼–鳙–鲫零换水池塘为实验组,以草鱼–鳙–鲫常规换水池塘为对照组,开展了为期2年的池塘有机碳(TOC)、氮(N)、磷(P)收支的研究。结果显示,2组池塘TOC、N、P的主要来源均为饲料投入,分别为77.06%和81.00%,92.08%和92.77%,94.18%和95.63%;TOC、N、P的主要输出途径均为底泥积累,分别占输入营养盐的43.32%和22.10%,61.40%和52.82%,78.71%和79.58%。2组池塘养殖鱼类收获分别占输入碳(C)、N、P的10.08%和13.05%,21.00%和25.57%,15.41%和18.60%。零换水池塘的C、N、P水体积累量和积累率均显著低于常规池塘(P<0.05),其积累率分别降低92.91%、88.52%和87.12%。零换水池塘的N、P底泥积累量显著高于常规池塘,但C、N底泥积累率显著低于常规池塘(P<0.05),分别降低了48.99%和13.97%。零换水池塘养殖鱼类的C、N、P利用率均显著高于常规池塘(P<0.05),分别提高了29.49%、21.72%和20.65%。研究表明,零换水模式能降低营养盐积累,有效提高系统物质利用率,是一种绿色高效养殖模式,具有较好的推广价值。
Presently, aquaculture production is increasing to meet the increasing demand for protein,and the total area of aquaculture ponds worldwide was 5.4 million hectares in 2016. However, pond aquaculture causes serious environmental problems. Animals generally use only 20%~30% of the input nutrients in feed, and the majority of the remainder are dispersed in the aquaculture system, leading to an increasing waste load inside the aquaculture pond system. The conventional way to improve the aquaculture pond environment is by changing water, however, wastewater drainage is not in accordance with the water shortage situation in China. Additionally, aquaculture wastewater discharge affects the surrounding environment. It showed that China’s seawater ponds discharge 4.77×10~4 and 3.75×10~3 tons of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, into surrounding seas annually. According to our previous research results, it is estimated that China’s freshwater aquaculture ponds discharge 2.79×10~5 and 2.89×10~4 tons of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, into the surrounding waters annually.To reduce the impact of aquaculture wastewater on the environment, our research team built a zero-water exchange aquaculture mode based on the polyculture system of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis), and crucian carp(Carassius carassius). At present, this mode has achieved zero-water exchange for four years, and the annual yield is 96 000 kg/hm~2. However, the mechanism of zero-water exchange is unclear.In aquaculture ponds, the organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents can directly reflect changes in the aquaculture environment, and the budget of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus can reflect the nutrient accumulation and utilization efficiency of nutrients by aquaculture animals.Quantifying the budget of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus can aid the understanding of the system from the material cycle and energy flow, and is of considerable significance for the management and op
作者
张凯
王广军
龚望宝
郁二蒙
李志斐
夏耘
田晶晶
谢骏
ZHANG Kai;WANG Guangjun;GONG Wangbao;YU Ermeng;LI Zhifei;XIA Yun;TIAN Jingjing;XIE Jun(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510380,China)
出处
《渔业科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期188-198,共11页
Progress in Fishery Sciences
基金
广东省自然科学基金(2018A030313412)
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900302)
国家自然科学基金(42077453)共同资助。
关键词
草鱼
鳙
鲫
零换水
营养盐收支
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Aristichthys nobilis
Carassius carassius
Zero-water exchange
Nutrient
