摘要
中古曾梗摄舒声韵和入声韵在山西、西北方言中的读音颇有意味。曾梗摄蒸耕庚韵“扔迸横”的白读音在西北方言中的分布分为两路:北路从晋北到陕北、兰银官话银吴片、金城片、河西片到北疆片;南路从汾河片跨过关中片到秦陇片、陇中片、河州片到南疆片,其中“横”的分布面较小,但仍兼存南北两路。德陌麦韵帮组字“北墨白麦”读齐齿呼分布在北路,从山西晋语经陕北晋语、内蒙古晋语到兰银官话银吴片、金城片(个别)、河西片及青海乐都、民和。“扔迸横”的白读音属宋西北方音的层次,其性质已经从语音现象转化为词汇现象;德陌麦韵读齐齿呼属明清以后的层次,纯属语音现象。前者反映山西方言和西北方言的共同底层——古西北方言,后者反映明清以后山西方言对西北方言——主要是兰银官话的影响。在构建西北方言史的时候,要注意甄别这两种不同的层次。
The pronunciations of Shusheng rhymes and Rusheng rhymes in the rhyme groups zeng(曾)and geng(梗)are of great significance in dialects of Shanxi province and Northwest China.On the basis of the survey results of the Atlas of Chinese Dialects in Northwest China,this paper investigates the pronunciation,distribution and historical layers of some exemplary characters.In the case of the Yangsheng rhymes,the paper discusses the distribution of the colloquial readings of reng(扔),beng(进),and heng(横)in the rhyme of zheng(蒸),geng(耕)and geng(庚),which are the pronunciations of a few individual characters.The Rusheng rhymes,including the bang(帮)group in the rhymes of de(德),mo(陌),and mai(麦),are the pronunciations of a class of rhymes,on which the paper only exemplifies the readings of the characters bei(北),mo(墨),bai(白),and mai(麦).The distribution of the colloquial readings of reng,beng,and heng can be divided into the southern line and the northern line.The northern line extends from Northern Shanxi to Northen Shaanxi,all the way to the Yinwu district,Jincheng district,Hexi district,and Beijiang district of the Lanyin Mandarin;the southern line spreads from the Fenhe district towards the Guanzhong district,Qinlong district,Longzhong district,Hezhou district,and the Nanjiang district of the Zhongyuan Mandarin.In particular,the Qichi readings of bei,mo,and mai,among the bang groups in rhymes of de,mo and mai,are distributed throughout the northern line.The Qichi readings of bei,mo,and mai,are geographically distributed along the Yellow River.In addition to the areas of Jin dialects,they also cover the Yinwu district and Hexi district of the Lanyin Mandarin,located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.In contrast to these are the dialects in which the bang group in the rhymes of de,mo and mai are pronounced as Kaikou readings,i.e.,[ei].It is a typical feature of Guanzhong dialects that the rhymes of de,mo and mai are pronounced as Kaikou or Hekou readings,i.e.,[ei uei].Such a phenomenon is typic
作者
邢向东
张建军
XING Xiangdong;ZHANG Jianjun(Shaanxi Normal University;不详)
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期916-932,共17页
Contemporary Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“西北地区汉语方言地图集”(15ZDB106)资助。
关键词
“扔迸横”
“北墨白麦”
地域分布
历史层次
reng
beng
and heng
bei
mo
bai
and mai
geographical distribution
historical layer
